科技要闻-新浪科技
科技时代-科技要闻
中国概念股周三收盘涨跌互现 空中网涨9%
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/i/2013-08-01/04268594534.shtml
Jul 31st 2013, 20:26
中国概念股周三收盘情况
新浪科技讯 北京时间8月1日凌晨消息，周三美国股市收盘涨跌不一，标普500指数获得了2011年以来最好的一个月表现。美联储下调了对经济前景的评估，认为低通胀为经济带来风险，同时对货币政策的变动未作任何暗示。中国概念股周三收盘涨跌互现，空中网涨9%。
美东时间7月31日16:00(北京时间8月1日04:00)，道琼斯工业平均指数下跌20.58点，收于15,500.01点，跌幅为0.13%；纳斯达克综合指数上涨9.90点，报3,626.37点，涨幅为0.27%；标准普尔500指数下跌0.22点，收于1,685.74点，跌幅为0.01%。
中国概念股周三收盘涨跌互现，6支股票涨幅超过6%，中星微电子涨10.29%，空中网涨9.78%，欢聚时代涨8.25%，优酷土豆涨6.58%，网秦涨6.53%，创博国际涨6.49%；4支股票跌幅超过3%，斯凯跌5.9%，兰亭集势跌3.96%，高德软件跌3.34%，第九城市跌3.06%。
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2013年7月31日星期三
科技要闻-新浪科技: Yelp公布第二季度财报：净亏损同比收窄
科技要闻-新浪科技
科技时代-科技要闻
Yelp公布第二季度财报：净亏损同比收窄
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/i/2013-08-01/04298594535.shtml
Jul 31st 2013, 20:29
新浪科技讯 北京时间8月1日凌晨消息，消费点评网站Yelp今天发布了2013财年第二季度财报。报告显示，Yelp第二季度净营收为5500万美元，比去年同期的3270万美元增长69%；归属于普通股股东的净亏损为87.8万美元，比去年同期归属于普通股股东的净亏损198.2万美元有所收窄。Yelp第二季度业绩及第三季度营收展望均超出华尔街分析师预期，推动其盘后股价大涨逾7%。
在截至6月30日的这一财季，Yelp的净亏损为87.8万美元，这一业绩不及去年同期。2012财年第二季度，Yelp的净亏损为198.2万美元。Yelp第二季度每股亏损1美分，好于去年同期的每股亏损3美分，好于分析师此前预期。财经信息供应商FactSet Research调查显示，分析师平均预期Yelp第二季度每股亏损4美分。
Yelp第二季度净营收为5500万美元，比去年同期的3270万美元增长69%，也超出分析师此前预期。FactSet Research调查显示，分析师平均预期Yelp第二季度营收为5330万美元。Yelp第二季度调整后EBITDA(即未计利息、税项、折旧及摊销前的利润)约为780万美元，
去年同期为160万美元。Yelp第二季度运营亏损为58万美元，去年同期运营亏损为193.8万美元。
在截至6月30日的2013财年上半财年，Yelp净营收为1.10亿美元，比去年同期的6000万美元增长68%。Yelp上半年净亏损为570万美元，每股亏损9美分，这一业绩好于去年同期。Yelp去年上半年净亏损为1180万美元，每股亏损26美分。Yelp上半年调整后EBITDA约为1100万美元，去年同期调整后EBITDA亏损为63万美元。
Yelp移动业务继续迅速增长，第二季度中约有40%本地广告是在移动设备上显示的，约有59%搜索在移动设备上发生，其中包括移动网络和应用。Yelp已整合去年收购的欧洲同业公司Qype的内容，以及来自西班牙和意大利的流量，并推出了6个新的Yelp Markets，其中两个在美国本土，4个在国际市场。
Yelp CFO罗勃·克罗利克(Rob Krolik)称："我们对这一季度中的业绩表现感到非常高兴，营收的同比增长速度加快到了69%，这一增长的推动力是所有关键财务和运营指标均取得了创纪录的表现。我们还看到公司业务模式取得了重大的成功，调整后EBITDA比去年同期增长了将近400%。"
Yelp预计，2013财年第三季度净营收为5800万美元至5900万美元，好于分析师预期；调整后EBITDA为750万美元到800万美元。FactSet调查显示，分析师平均预期Yelp第三季度营收为5730万美元。Yelp还预计，2013财年净营收为2.22亿美元到2.24亿美元，比2012财年增长约62%；调整后EBITDA为2700万美元到2800万美元。
Yelp是美国最大的点评网站，2004年成立于旧金山，2012年3月2日登陆纽约证券交易所。按每股15美元的IPO(首次公开招股)价格计算，Yelp融资额为1.07亿美元。
当日，Yelp股价在纽约证券交易所的常规交易中上涨0.05美元，报收于44.83美元，涨幅为0.12%。在随后截至美国东部时间16:07(北京时间8月1日4:07)的盘后交易中，Yelp股价再度上涨2.99美元，至44.83美元，涨幅为7.15%。过去52周，Yelp最高价为42.84美元，最低价为16.32美元。(唐风)
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科技时代-科技要闻
Yelp公布第二季度财报：净亏损同比收窄
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/i/2013-08-01/04298594535.shtml
Jul 31st 2013, 20:29
新浪科技讯 北京时间8月1日凌晨消息，消费点评网站Yelp今天发布了2013财年第二季度财报。报告显示，Yelp第二季度净营收为5500万美元，比去年同期的3270万美元增长69%；归属于普通股股东的净亏损为87.8万美元，比去年同期归属于普通股股东的净亏损198.2万美元有所收窄。Yelp第二季度业绩及第三季度营收展望均超出华尔街分析师预期，推动其盘后股价大涨逾7%。
在截至6月30日的这一财季，Yelp的净亏损为87.8万美元，这一业绩不及去年同期。2012财年第二季度，Yelp的净亏损为198.2万美元。Yelp第二季度每股亏损1美分，好于去年同期的每股亏损3美分，好于分析师此前预期。财经信息供应商FactSet Research调查显示，分析师平均预期Yelp第二季度每股亏损4美分。
Yelp第二季度净营收为5500万美元，比去年同期的3270万美元增长69%，也超出分析师此前预期。FactSet Research调查显示，分析师平均预期Yelp第二季度营收为5330万美元。Yelp第二季度调整后EBITDA(即未计利息、税项、折旧及摊销前的利润)约为780万美元，
去年同期为160万美元。Yelp第二季度运营亏损为58万美元，去年同期运营亏损为193.8万美元。
在截至6月30日的2013财年上半财年，Yelp净营收为1.10亿美元，比去年同期的6000万美元增长68%。Yelp上半年净亏损为570万美元，每股亏损9美分，这一业绩好于去年同期。Yelp去年上半年净亏损为1180万美元，每股亏损26美分。Yelp上半年调整后EBITDA约为1100万美元，去年同期调整后EBITDA亏损为63万美元。
Yelp移动业务继续迅速增长，第二季度中约有40%本地广告是在移动设备上显示的，约有59%搜索在移动设备上发生，其中包括移动网络和应用。Yelp已整合去年收购的欧洲同业公司Qype的内容，以及来自西班牙和意大利的流量，并推出了6个新的Yelp Markets，其中两个在美国本土，4个在国际市场。
Yelp CFO罗勃·克罗利克(Rob Krolik)称："我们对这一季度中的业绩表现感到非常高兴，营收的同比增长速度加快到了69%，这一增长的推动力是所有关键财务和运营指标均取得了创纪录的表现。我们还看到公司业务模式取得了重大的成功，调整后EBITDA比去年同期增长了将近400%。"
Yelp预计，2013财年第三季度净营收为5800万美元至5900万美元，好于分析师预期；调整后EBITDA为750万美元到800万美元。FactSet调查显示，分析师平均预期Yelp第三季度营收为5730万美元。Yelp还预计，2013财年净营收为2.22亿美元到2.24亿美元，比2012财年增长约62%；调整后EBITDA为2700万美元到2800万美元。
Yelp是美国最大的点评网站，2004年成立于旧金山，2012年3月2日登陆纽约证券交易所。按每股15美元的IPO(首次公开招股)价格计算，Yelp融资额为1.07亿美元。
当日，Yelp股价在纽约证券交易所的常规交易中上涨0.05美元，报收于44.83美元，涨幅为0.12%。在随后截至美国东部时间16:07(北京时间8月1日4:07)的盘后交易中，Yelp股价再度上涨2.99美元，至44.83美元，涨幅为7.15%。过去52周，Yelp最高价为42.84美元，最低价为16.32美元。(唐风)
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科技要闻-新浪科技: 押注视频市场 爱立信连环收购见效
科技要闻-新浪科技
科技时代-科技要闻
押注视频市场 爱立信连环收购见效
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/it/2013-08-01/04318594539.shtml
Jul 31st 2013, 20:31
刘方远
在传统电信业务竞争日趋激烈的今天，如何找到新的增长点，成为通信业巨头们所焦虑的问题。
电信运营商的每一次网络招标，设备商们都必须全力以赴去争取更多的份额。但是整体市场增长的天花板已经显现，"分蛋糕"的游戏为大家带来的增长越来越有限。
以爱立信为例，虽然总体其收入仍位于设备商之首。但是根据爱立信最新发布的2013年第二季度财报显示：今年二季度，爱立信来自网络业务的净销售额为281亿瑞典克朗，同比仅增长1%，环比持平。
在这样的情况下，除了争取在LTE市场获得更多的份额，爱立信也开始谋求进一步转型。从爱立信近期对微软Mediaroom，视点特艺(Technicolor)，英国Red Bee Media等等的一系列收购来看，广电及视频相关的市场成为爱立信寻找下一步增长的重点。
爱立信总裁兼CEO卫翰思(Hans Vestberg)认为，向广电以及视频领域的扩张能为爱立信带来两方面的好处。首先是，电视和视频将带动传统网络业务增长。因为视频已经是移动网络流量增长的最大功臣。
据爱立信提供的数据，目前约80%的电信网络容量被用于传输视频。预计到2018年，视频也将保持年均60%的高速增长。随着电视和媒体同电信行业的捆绑越来越紧密，这些都会为网络设备商们带来新的增长机会。
另外一点好处就是，向广电行业的扩张能带来除了电信运营商之外的更多新客户。以中国为例，鲜为人知的是，爱立信目前已经进入了包括江苏、广东、四川在内17个省的广电市场。据爱立信中国副总裁兼广电及新媒体客户部总经理高军良告诉记者，除了各省的广电有线网络公司，爱立信还直接与电视台合作。"目前，中央级的三大媒体——中央电视台、国际台、中央人民广播电台都是爱立信的客户。"
连续收购
爱立信向广电领域的扩张主要是通过一系列收购来完成布局的。其实最早在2007年，爱立信就收购了Tandberg Television，以及HyC Group两家公司，开始为有线电视运营商、卫星电视运营商以及广播公司提供服务，同时还能提供完整的IPTV解决方案。
从2012年至今，爱立信又接连进行了对视点特艺(Technicolor)，微软Mediaroom，英国的Red Bee Media的收购。每一次收购都进一步显现了爱立信向广电以及视频领域扩张的意图。
2012年7月3日，爱立信宣布完成了对视点特艺(Technicolor)公司广播服务部门的收购。据Technicolor首席执行官Frederic Rose当时表示，Technicolor愿意把广播服务业务出售的原因在于，他们希望把重点放在媒体货币化解决方案以及增强自身盈利能力方面。
而爱立信当时正在大力扩张自己的管理服务业务。通过收购Technicolor广播服务部门，爱立信把管理服务拓展到了媒体传播领域。
2013年4月8日，爱立信又宣布与微软达成协议，收购其电视解决方案Mediaroom业务。Mediaroom总部位于美国加州山景城，主要提供IPTV和多屏电视解决方案，在全球范围内拥有400多名员工。爱立信方面表示，通过收购Mediaroom，爱立信将占据全球超过25%的IPTV市场份额。
爱立信在广电领域的最新动作是，今年7月1日，爱立信宣布计划收购一家总部位于英国的媒体服务公司Red Bee Media，又一次加码广电市场。
资料显示，Red Bee Media创立于2005年，主要为各大广播公司提供一系列服务，包括媒体资产管理、播出与数字视频出版、元数据服务、多语言访问服务和创意服务。Red Bee Media同时还是欧洲最大的元数据编辑提供商，每年为各大广播公司提供超过10万小时的字幕内容。
爱立信执行副总裁兼全球服务业务部主管Magnus Mandersson认为，移动网络中的视频流量显示出极强的上升趋势，爱立信在这波浪潮中能同时满足广播公司和电信运营商的需求。
广电市场的新机会？
电信市场增长放缓的情况下，广电市场能否成为设备商们下一步的新生意？
爱立信对此的答案是肯定的。因为据其统计，视频内容已经占据了80%的网络流量，接下来广播与电视行业的结合会更加紧密，无论是固定网络，还是移动网络，都正在越来越多地用于向电视机(IPTV)、智能手机、台式机和平板电脑传输电视和媒体内容。
爱立信内部已经把电视和媒体行业作为一个重要的客户市场。因为广播公司在最终用户关系方面起着举足轻重的作用，还将成为确定"电信网络未来需求"的关键所在。2013年6月发布的《爱立信流量与市场数据报告》也提出，预计视频将以每年60%的速度持续增长到2018年。
卫翰思认为，爱立信判断电视和媒体行业正在逐步与电信也融合，主要体现在三个层面。首先在网络层面：网络发展大多围绕视频进行，"换言之，我们的网络必须支持视频，必须能够提供实时的视频内容，并且能够实时地协作。"
第二个层面是多屏电视。所有媒体和视频内容将采用不同类型的解决方案，包括线性广播、IPTV、智能手机、平板电脑以及OTT视频服务。
最后一个层面，是整个电视和媒体离电信行业越来越近，"也就是说，我们提供的专业服务的作用越来越大，不管是系统集成，还是管理服务。"
卫翰思判断说，这为设备商带来的机会是，"我们可以直接与广电和媒体客户合作，也可以与电信运营商合作，因为这两者将逐渐走向融合。"
另据普华永道发布的报告称，目前广播公司外包运营的开支约占其总运营开支的10%。未来广播公司的外包需求将不断增加，进而会给提供服务的公司带来更多的机会。
当然看到这一块市场潜力的不只有爱立信一家。但卫翰思认为，爱立信已经通过一系列收购确立了优势。"我们有一个庞大的客户群，在完成收购后，我们将占全球IPTV市场25%的份额。我们已经推出了首个LTE广播解决方案。如今，我们在全球拥有约2000家电视和媒体客户。"
"在能力方面，我们收购Red Bee之后，将拥有1800名电视和媒体领域的专业人员，可以说，在广播服务领域，这是人数最多的一支队伍。"卫翰思表示。
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科技时代-科技要闻
押注视频市场 爱立信连环收购见效
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/it/2013-08-01/04318594539.shtml
Jul 31st 2013, 20:31
刘方远
在传统电信业务竞争日趋激烈的今天，如何找到新的增长点，成为通信业巨头们所焦虑的问题。
电信运营商的每一次网络招标，设备商们都必须全力以赴去争取更多的份额。但是整体市场增长的天花板已经显现，"分蛋糕"的游戏为大家带来的增长越来越有限。
以爱立信为例，虽然总体其收入仍位于设备商之首。但是根据爱立信最新发布的2013年第二季度财报显示：今年二季度，爱立信来自网络业务的净销售额为281亿瑞典克朗，同比仅增长1%，环比持平。
在这样的情况下，除了争取在LTE市场获得更多的份额，爱立信也开始谋求进一步转型。从爱立信近期对微软Mediaroom，视点特艺(Technicolor)，英国Red Bee Media等等的一系列收购来看，广电及视频相关的市场成为爱立信寻找下一步增长的重点。
爱立信总裁兼CEO卫翰思(Hans Vestberg)认为，向广电以及视频领域的扩张能为爱立信带来两方面的好处。首先是，电视和视频将带动传统网络业务增长。因为视频已经是移动网络流量增长的最大功臣。
据爱立信提供的数据，目前约80%的电信网络容量被用于传输视频。预计到2018年，视频也将保持年均60%的高速增长。随着电视和媒体同电信行业的捆绑越来越紧密，这些都会为网络设备商们带来新的增长机会。
另外一点好处就是，向广电行业的扩张能带来除了电信运营商之外的更多新客户。以中国为例，鲜为人知的是，爱立信目前已经进入了包括江苏、广东、四川在内17个省的广电市场。据爱立信中国副总裁兼广电及新媒体客户部总经理高军良告诉记者，除了各省的广电有线网络公司，爱立信还直接与电视台合作。"目前，中央级的三大媒体——中央电视台、国际台、中央人民广播电台都是爱立信的客户。"
连续收购
爱立信向广电领域的扩张主要是通过一系列收购来完成布局的。其实最早在2007年，爱立信就收购了Tandberg Television，以及HyC Group两家公司，开始为有线电视运营商、卫星电视运营商以及广播公司提供服务，同时还能提供完整的IPTV解决方案。
从2012年至今，爱立信又接连进行了对视点特艺(Technicolor)，微软Mediaroom，英国的Red Bee Media的收购。每一次收购都进一步显现了爱立信向广电以及视频领域扩张的意图。
2012年7月3日，爱立信宣布完成了对视点特艺(Technicolor)公司广播服务部门的收购。据Technicolor首席执行官Frederic Rose当时表示，Technicolor愿意把广播服务业务出售的原因在于，他们希望把重点放在媒体货币化解决方案以及增强自身盈利能力方面。
而爱立信当时正在大力扩张自己的管理服务业务。通过收购Technicolor广播服务部门，爱立信把管理服务拓展到了媒体传播领域。
2013年4月8日，爱立信又宣布与微软达成协议，收购其电视解决方案Mediaroom业务。Mediaroom总部位于美国加州山景城，主要提供IPTV和多屏电视解决方案，在全球范围内拥有400多名员工。爱立信方面表示，通过收购Mediaroom，爱立信将占据全球超过25%的IPTV市场份额。
爱立信在广电领域的最新动作是，今年7月1日，爱立信宣布计划收购一家总部位于英国的媒体服务公司Red Bee Media，又一次加码广电市场。
资料显示，Red Bee Media创立于2005年，主要为各大广播公司提供一系列服务，包括媒体资产管理、播出与数字视频出版、元数据服务、多语言访问服务和创意服务。Red Bee Media同时还是欧洲最大的元数据编辑提供商，每年为各大广播公司提供超过10万小时的字幕内容。
爱立信执行副总裁兼全球服务业务部主管Magnus Mandersson认为，移动网络中的视频流量显示出极强的上升趋势，爱立信在这波浪潮中能同时满足广播公司和电信运营商的需求。
广电市场的新机会？
电信市场增长放缓的情况下，广电市场能否成为设备商们下一步的新生意？
爱立信对此的答案是肯定的。因为据其统计，视频内容已经占据了80%的网络流量，接下来广播与电视行业的结合会更加紧密，无论是固定网络，还是移动网络，都正在越来越多地用于向电视机(IPTV)、智能手机、台式机和平板电脑传输电视和媒体内容。
爱立信内部已经把电视和媒体行业作为一个重要的客户市场。因为广播公司在最终用户关系方面起着举足轻重的作用，还将成为确定"电信网络未来需求"的关键所在。2013年6月发布的《爱立信流量与市场数据报告》也提出，预计视频将以每年60%的速度持续增长到2018年。
卫翰思认为，爱立信判断电视和媒体行业正在逐步与电信也融合，主要体现在三个层面。首先在网络层面：网络发展大多围绕视频进行，"换言之，我们的网络必须支持视频，必须能够提供实时的视频内容，并且能够实时地协作。"
第二个层面是多屏电视。所有媒体和视频内容将采用不同类型的解决方案，包括线性广播、IPTV、智能手机、平板电脑以及OTT视频服务。
最后一个层面，是整个电视和媒体离电信行业越来越近，"也就是说，我们提供的专业服务的作用越来越大，不管是系统集成，还是管理服务。"
卫翰思判断说，这为设备商带来的机会是，"我们可以直接与广电和媒体客户合作，也可以与电信运营商合作，因为这两者将逐渐走向融合。"
另据普华永道发布的报告称，目前广播公司外包运营的开支约占其总运营开支的10%。未来广播公司的外包需求将不断增加，进而会给提供服务的公司带来更多的机会。
当然看到这一块市场潜力的不只有爱立信一家。但卫翰思认为，爱立信已经通过一系列收购确立了优势。"我们有一个庞大的客户群，在完成收购后，我们将占全球IPTV市场25%的份额。我们已经推出了首个LTE广播解决方案。如今，我们在全球拥有约2000家电视和媒体客户。"
"在能力方面，我们收购Red Bee之后，将拥有1800名电视和媒体领域的专业人员，可以说，在广播服务领域，这是人数最多的一支队伍。"卫翰思表示。
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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News: Spitzer Discovers Young Stars with a 'Hula Hoop'
ScienceDaily: Latest Science News
Breaking science news and articles on global warming, extrasolar planets, stem cells, bird flu, autism, nanotechnology, dinosaurs, evolution -- the latest discoveries in astronomy, anthropology, biology, chemistry, climate and environment, computers, engineering, health and medicine, math, physics, psychology, technology, and more -- from the world's leading universities and research organizations.
Spitzer Discovers Young Stars with a 'Hula Hoop'
http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/OTVpYo2RPQ4/130731155743.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 19:57
July 31, 2013 — Astronomers using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope have spotted a young stellar system that "blinks" every 93 days. Called YLW 16A, the system likely consists of three developing stars, two of which are surrounded by a disk of material left over from the star-formation process.
As the two inner stars whirl around each other, they periodically peek out from the disk that girds them like a hula hoop. The hoop itself appears to be misaligned from the central star pair, probably due to the disrupting gravitational presence of the third star orbiting at the periphery of the system. The whole system cycles through bright and faint phases, with the central stars playing a sort of cosmic peek-a-boo as the tilted disk twirls around them. It is believed that this disk should go on to spawn planets and the other celestial bodies that make up a solar system.
Spitzer observed infrared light from YLW 16A, emitted by the warmed gas and dust in the disk that still swathes the young stars. Other observations came from the ground-based 2MASS survey, as well as from the NACO instrument at the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope in Chile.
YLW 16A is the fourth example of a star system known to blink in such a manner, and the second in the same star-forming region Rho Ophiuchus. The finding suggests that these systems might be more common than once thought. Blinking star systems with warped disks offer scientists a way to study how planets form in these environments. The planets can orbit one or both of the stars in the binary star system. The famous science fictional planet Tatooine in "Star Wars" orbits two stars, hence its double sunsets. Such worlds are referred to as circumbinary planets. Astronomers can record how light is absorbed by planet-forming disks during the bright and faint phases of blinking stellar systems, which in turn reveals information about the materials that comprise the disk.
"These blinking systems offer natural probes of the binary and circumbinary planet formation process," said Peter Plavchan, a scientist at the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute and Infrared Processing and Analysis Center at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif., and lead author of a new paper accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics.
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., manages the Spitzer Space Telescope mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Science operations are conducted at the Spitzer Science Center at Caltech. Data are archived at the Infrared Science Archive housed at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center. Caltech manages JPL for NASA. For more information about Spitzer, visit http://spitzer.caltech.edu and http://www.nasa.gov/spitzer .
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Spitzer Discovers Young Stars with a 'Hula Hoop'
http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/OTVpYo2RPQ4/130731155743.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 19:57
July 31, 2013 — Astronomers using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope have spotted a young stellar system that "blinks" every 93 days. Called YLW 16A, the system likely consists of three developing stars, two of which are surrounded by a disk of material left over from the star-formation process.
As the two inner stars whirl around each other, they periodically peek out from the disk that girds them like a hula hoop. The hoop itself appears to be misaligned from the central star pair, probably due to the disrupting gravitational presence of the third star orbiting at the periphery of the system. The whole system cycles through bright and faint phases, with the central stars playing a sort of cosmic peek-a-boo as the tilted disk twirls around them. It is believed that this disk should go on to spawn planets and the other celestial bodies that make up a solar system.
Spitzer observed infrared light from YLW 16A, emitted by the warmed gas and dust in the disk that still swathes the young stars. Other observations came from the ground-based 2MASS survey, as well as from the NACO instrument at the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope in Chile.
YLW 16A is the fourth example of a star system known to blink in such a manner, and the second in the same star-forming region Rho Ophiuchus. The finding suggests that these systems might be more common than once thought. Blinking star systems with warped disks offer scientists a way to study how planets form in these environments. The planets can orbit one or both of the stars in the binary star system. The famous science fictional planet Tatooine in "Star Wars" orbits two stars, hence its double sunsets. Such worlds are referred to as circumbinary planets. Astronomers can record how light is absorbed by planet-forming disks during the bright and faint phases of blinking stellar systems, which in turn reveals information about the materials that comprise the disk.
"These blinking systems offer natural probes of the binary and circumbinary planet formation process," said Peter Plavchan, a scientist at the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute and Infrared Processing and Analysis Center at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif., and lead author of a new paper accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics.
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., manages the Spitzer Space Telescope mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Science operations are conducted at the Spitzer Science Center at Caltech. Data are archived at the Infrared Science Archive housed at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center. Caltech manages JPL for NASA. For more information about Spitzer, visit http://spitzer.caltech.edu and http://www.nasa.gov/spitzer .
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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News: NASA's Cassini sees forces controlling Enceladus jets
ScienceDaily: Latest Science News
Breaking science news and articles on global warming, extrasolar planets, stem cells, bird flu, autism, nanotechnology, dinosaurs, evolution -- the latest discoveries in astronomy, anthropology, biology, chemistry, climate and environment, computers, engineering, health and medicine, math, physics, psychology, technology, and more -- from the world's leading universities and research organizations.
NASA's Cassini sees forces controlling Enceladus jets
http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/06-cahVr7Vo/130731155339.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 19:53
July 31, 2013 — The intensity of the jets of water ice and organic particles that shoot out from Saturn's moon Enceladus depends on the moon's proximity to the ringed planet, according to data obtained by NASA's Cassini spacecraft.
The finding adds to evidence that a liquid water reservoir or ocean lurks under the icy surface of the moon. This is the first clear observation the bright plume emanating from Enceladus' south pole varies predictably. The findings are detailed in a scientific paper in this week's edition of Nature.
"The jets of Enceladus apparently work like adjustable garden hose nozzles," said Matt Hedman, the paper's lead author and a Cassini team scientist based at Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y. "The nozzles are almost closed when Enceladus is closer to Saturn and are most open when the moon is farthest away. We think this has to do with how Saturn squeezes and releases the moon with its gravity."
Cassini, which has been orbiting Saturn since 2004, discovered the jets that form the plume in 2005. The water ice and organic particles spray out from several narrow fissures nicknamed "tiger stripes."
"The way the jets react so responsively to changing stresses on Enceladus suggests they have their origins in a large body of liquid water," said Christophe Sotin, a co-author and Cassini team member at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "Liquid water was key to the development of life on Earth, so these discoveries whet the appetite to know whether life exists everywhere water is present."
For years scientists hypothesized the intensity of the jets likely varied over time, but no one had been able to show they changed in a recognizable pattern. Hedman and colleagues were able to see the changes by examining infrared data of the plume as a whole, obtained by Cassini's visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS), and looking at data gathered over a long period of time.
The VIMS instrument, which enables the analysis of a wide range of data including the hydrocarbon composition of the surface of another Saturnian moon, Titan, and the seismological signs of Saturn's vibrations in its rings, collected more than 200 images of the Enceladus plume from 2005 to 2012.
These data show the plume was dimmest when the moon was at the closest point in its orbit to Saturn. The plume gradually brightened until Enceladus was at the most distant point, where it was three to four times brighter than the dimmest detection. This is comparable to moving from a dim hallway into a brightly lit office.
Adding the brightness data to previous models of how Saturn squeezes Enceladus, the scientists deduced the stronger gravitational squeeze near the planet reduces the opening of the tiger stripes and the amount of material spraying out. They think the relaxing of Saturn's gravity farther away from planet allows the tiger stripes to be more open and for the spray to escape in larger quantities.
"Cassini's time at Saturn has shown us how active and kaleidoscopic this planet, its rings and its moons are," said Linda Spilker, Cassini project scientist at JPL. "We've come a long way from the placid-looking Saturn that Galileo first spied through his telescope. We hope to learn more about the forces at work here as a microcosm for how our solar system formed."
The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The VIMS team is based at the University of Arizona in Tucson.
For more information about the Cassini mission, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/cassini and http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov .
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Breaking science news and articles on global warming, extrasolar planets, stem cells, bird flu, autism, nanotechnology, dinosaurs, evolution -- the latest discoveries in astronomy, anthropology, biology, chemistry, climate and environment, computers, engineering, health and medicine, math, physics, psychology, technology, and more -- from the world's leading universities and research organizations.
NASA's Cassini sees forces controlling Enceladus jets
http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/06-cahVr7Vo/130731155339.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 19:53
July 31, 2013 — The intensity of the jets of water ice and organic particles that shoot out from Saturn's moon Enceladus depends on the moon's proximity to the ringed planet, according to data obtained by NASA's Cassini spacecraft.
The finding adds to evidence that a liquid water reservoir or ocean lurks under the icy surface of the moon. This is the first clear observation the bright plume emanating from Enceladus' south pole varies predictably. The findings are detailed in a scientific paper in this week's edition of Nature.
"The jets of Enceladus apparently work like adjustable garden hose nozzles," said Matt Hedman, the paper's lead author and a Cassini team scientist based at Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y. "The nozzles are almost closed when Enceladus is closer to Saturn and are most open when the moon is farthest away. We think this has to do with how Saturn squeezes and releases the moon with its gravity."
Cassini, which has been orbiting Saturn since 2004, discovered the jets that form the plume in 2005. The water ice and organic particles spray out from several narrow fissures nicknamed "tiger stripes."
"The way the jets react so responsively to changing stresses on Enceladus suggests they have their origins in a large body of liquid water," said Christophe Sotin, a co-author and Cassini team member at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "Liquid water was key to the development of life on Earth, so these discoveries whet the appetite to know whether life exists everywhere water is present."
For years scientists hypothesized the intensity of the jets likely varied over time, but no one had been able to show they changed in a recognizable pattern. Hedman and colleagues were able to see the changes by examining infrared data of the plume as a whole, obtained by Cassini's visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS), and looking at data gathered over a long period of time.
The VIMS instrument, which enables the analysis of a wide range of data including the hydrocarbon composition of the surface of another Saturnian moon, Titan, and the seismological signs of Saturn's vibrations in its rings, collected more than 200 images of the Enceladus plume from 2005 to 2012.
These data show the plume was dimmest when the moon was at the closest point in its orbit to Saturn. The plume gradually brightened until Enceladus was at the most distant point, where it was three to four times brighter than the dimmest detection. This is comparable to moving from a dim hallway into a brightly lit office.
Adding the brightness data to previous models of how Saturn squeezes Enceladus, the scientists deduced the stronger gravitational squeeze near the planet reduces the opening of the tiger stripes and the amount of material spraying out. They think the relaxing of Saturn's gravity farther away from planet allows the tiger stripes to be more open and for the spray to escape in larger quantities.
"Cassini's time at Saturn has shown us how active and kaleidoscopic this planet, its rings and its moons are," said Linda Spilker, Cassini project scientist at JPL. "We've come a long way from the placid-looking Saturn that Galileo first spied through his telescope. We hope to learn more about the forces at work here as a microcosm for how our solar system formed."
The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The VIMS team is based at the University of Arizona in Tucson.
For more information about the Cassini mission, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/cassini and http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov .
This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News: One in three U. S. youths report being victims of dating violence
ScienceDaily: Latest Science News
Breaking science news and articles on global warming, extrasolar planets, stem cells, bird flu, autism, nanotechnology, dinosaurs, evolution -- the latest discoveries in astronomy, anthropology, biology, chemistry, climate and environment, computers, engineering, health and medicine, math, physics, psychology, technology, and more -- from the world's leading universities and research organizations.
One in three U. S. youths report being victims of dating violence
http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/WsP8M5J2b4U/130731152208.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 19:22
July 31, 2013 — About one in three American youths age 14-20 say they've been of victims of dating violence and almost one in three acknowledge they've committed violence toward a date, according to new research presented at the American Psychological Association's 121st Annual Convention.
"Adolescent dating violence is common among young people. It also overlaps between victimization and perpetration and appears across different forms of dating abuse," according to Michele Ybarra, MPH, PhD. She is with the Center for Innovative Public Health Research, based in San Clemente, Calif.
Researchers analyzed information collected in 2011 and 2012 from 1,058 youths in the Growing Up with Media study, a national online survey funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The study defines teen dating violence as physical, sexual or psychological/emotional violence within a dating relationship.
Girls were almost equally likely to be a perpetrator as a victim of violence: 41 percent reported victimization and 35 percent reported perpetration at some point in their lives. Among boys, 37 percent said they had been on the receiving end, while 29 percent reported being the perpetrator, Ybarra said. Twenty-nine percent of the girls and 24 percent of the boys reported being both a victim and perpetrator in either the same or in different relationships.
Girls were significantly more likely than boys to say they had been victims of sexual dating violence and that they had committed physical dating violence. Boys were much more likely than girls to report that they had been sexually violent toward a date. Experiencing psychological dating violence was about equal for boys and girls. Rates generally increased with age but were similar across race, ethnicity and income levels, according to Ybarra.
The relationship between bullying and teen dating violence was the focus of a separate presentation by Sabina Low, PhD, of Arizona State University, and Dorothy L. Espelage, of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Low and Espelage detailed findings from a five-year study funded by the CDC and National Institute of Justice involving 625 American youths who completed surveys six times from middle school through high school.
"Both boys and girls who engaged in high rates of bullying toward other students at the start of the study were seven times more likely to report being physically violent in dating relationships four years later," said Espelage, principal investigator on the project. "These findings indicate that bully prevention needs to start early in order to prevent the transmission of violence in dating relationships."
Additional presenters Carlos A. Cuevas, PhD, of Northeastern University, and Chiara Sabina, PhD, of Penn State Harrisburg, described how culture relates to teen dating violence and delinquency among Latino youths. Cultural factors, particularly family support, apparently decreases the odds of Latino youths being involved in delinquency, physical assaults, property damage and substance use, according to Cuevas. Their study also funded by the National Institute of Justice, analyzed data from a national sample of 1,525 Latinos age 12-18.
Latino boys with family support were less likely to be psychologically violent toward dates, while those who were deemed to have adopted more of the Anglo culture were less likely to be sexually violent to dates, according to the findings.
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One in three U. S. youths report being victims of dating violence
http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/WsP8M5J2b4U/130731152208.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 19:22
July 31, 2013 — About one in three American youths age 14-20 say they've been of victims of dating violence and almost one in three acknowledge they've committed violence toward a date, according to new research presented at the American Psychological Association's 121st Annual Convention.
"Adolescent dating violence is common among young people. It also overlaps between victimization and perpetration and appears across different forms of dating abuse," according to Michele Ybarra, MPH, PhD. She is with the Center for Innovative Public Health Research, based in San Clemente, Calif.
Researchers analyzed information collected in 2011 and 2012 from 1,058 youths in the Growing Up with Media study, a national online survey funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The study defines teen dating violence as physical, sexual or psychological/emotional violence within a dating relationship.
Girls were almost equally likely to be a perpetrator as a victim of violence: 41 percent reported victimization and 35 percent reported perpetration at some point in their lives. Among boys, 37 percent said they had been on the receiving end, while 29 percent reported being the perpetrator, Ybarra said. Twenty-nine percent of the girls and 24 percent of the boys reported being both a victim and perpetrator in either the same or in different relationships.
Girls were significantly more likely than boys to say they had been victims of sexual dating violence and that they had committed physical dating violence. Boys were much more likely than girls to report that they had been sexually violent toward a date. Experiencing psychological dating violence was about equal for boys and girls. Rates generally increased with age but were similar across race, ethnicity and income levels, according to Ybarra.
The relationship between bullying and teen dating violence was the focus of a separate presentation by Sabina Low, PhD, of Arizona State University, and Dorothy L. Espelage, of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Low and Espelage detailed findings from a five-year study funded by the CDC and National Institute of Justice involving 625 American youths who completed surveys six times from middle school through high school.
"Both boys and girls who engaged in high rates of bullying toward other students at the start of the study were seven times more likely to report being physically violent in dating relationships four years later," said Espelage, principal investigator on the project. "These findings indicate that bully prevention needs to start early in order to prevent the transmission of violence in dating relationships."
Additional presenters Carlos A. Cuevas, PhD, of Northeastern University, and Chiara Sabina, PhD, of Penn State Harrisburg, described how culture relates to teen dating violence and delinquency among Latino youths. Cultural factors, particularly family support, apparently decreases the odds of Latino youths being involved in delinquency, physical assaults, property damage and substance use, according to Cuevas. Their study also funded by the National Institute of Justice, analyzed data from a national sample of 1,525 Latinos age 12-18.
Latino boys with family support were less likely to be psychologically violent toward dates, while those who were deemed to have adopted more of the Anglo culture were less likely to be sexually violent to dates, according to the findings.
This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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科技要闻-新浪科技: 百度股价逼近52周高点：移动业务表现良好
科技要闻-新浪科技
科技时代-科技要闻
百度股价逼近52周高点：移动业务表现良好
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/i/2013-08-01/03428594383.shtml
Jul 31st 2013, 19:42
新浪科技讯 北京时间8月1日凌晨消息，百度(Nasdaq:BIDU)周三股价上涨，逼近52周高点，这一股价变动令人感到惊讶，原因是在本月初百度股价报94.60美元，较52周低点仅高14%。
当日，截至美国东部时间15:15(北京时间8月1日3:15)为止，百度股价在纳斯达克常规交易中上涨1.15美元，至132.84美元，涨幅为0.87%；此前曾触及133.35美元的高点，距52周最高价仅差1%。过去52周，百度最高价为134.71美元，最低价为82.98美元。
在7月交易中，百度股价上涨了30%以上，完美地诠释了一只股票能如何在短时间内改头换面的故事。在百度于美国东部时间7月24日(北京时间7月25日)公布第二季度财报以前，投资者对该公司利润率的下降感到担心，这种下降趋势主要是由于百度正在经历一个过渡期，将其以PC为基础的搜索服务转向移动业务。此外，来自于奇虎360(NYSE:QIHU)的竞争预计也将对百度的遗留商业搜索业务造成更大损害。
直到目前为止，投资者担心的这些事情仍旧存在。百度利润率确实有所下降，而奇虎360在中国搜索市场上所占份额也可能取得更大的增长。但有一个细节则对百度股价形成了支撑，即该公司来自移动业务的营收在总营收中所占比例已达10%，这意味着百度几乎是在一夜之间就从步履蹒跚的"恐龙"变成了移动市场上的原动力。
最能体现百度转型的是，该公司宣布其已通过债券发售交易筹集到10亿美元资金，用于支付百度收购移动应用商店91无线的费用。通过收购其他公司的方式，百度的转型步伐已有所加快。
但有些分析师仍看空百度。美国投资公司Stifel Nicolas分析师乔治·阿斯库(George Askew)上周发布研究报告，对百度营收来自于并购交易而非有机增长的情况表示担心。美国投资银行Maxim Group分析师埃克·何(Echo He)也同意这种观点。
不过，在中国互联网类股里，百度在本月交易中的表现仍跻身于最好的股票之列，这一事实很可能让一个月前思考过百度未来的任何人都感到吃惊。(唐风)
This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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科技时代-科技要闻
百度股价逼近52周高点：移动业务表现良好
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/i/2013-08-01/03428594383.shtml
Jul 31st 2013, 19:42
新浪科技讯 北京时间8月1日凌晨消息，百度(Nasdaq:BIDU)周三股价上涨，逼近52周高点，这一股价变动令人感到惊讶，原因是在本月初百度股价报94.60美元，较52周低点仅高14%。
当日，截至美国东部时间15:15(北京时间8月1日3:15)为止，百度股价在纳斯达克常规交易中上涨1.15美元，至132.84美元，涨幅为0.87%；此前曾触及133.35美元的高点，距52周最高价仅差1%。过去52周，百度最高价为134.71美元，最低价为82.98美元。
在7月交易中，百度股价上涨了30%以上，完美地诠释了一只股票能如何在短时间内改头换面的故事。在百度于美国东部时间7月24日(北京时间7月25日)公布第二季度财报以前，投资者对该公司利润率的下降感到担心，这种下降趋势主要是由于百度正在经历一个过渡期，将其以PC为基础的搜索服务转向移动业务。此外，来自于奇虎360(NYSE:QIHU)的竞争预计也将对百度的遗留商业搜索业务造成更大损害。
直到目前为止，投资者担心的这些事情仍旧存在。百度利润率确实有所下降，而奇虎360在中国搜索市场上所占份额也可能取得更大的增长。但有一个细节则对百度股价形成了支撑，即该公司来自移动业务的营收在总营收中所占比例已达10%，这意味着百度几乎是在一夜之间就从步履蹒跚的"恐龙"变成了移动市场上的原动力。
最能体现百度转型的是，该公司宣布其已通过债券发售交易筹集到10亿美元资金，用于支付百度收购移动应用商店91无线的费用。通过收购其他公司的方式，百度的转型步伐已有所加快。
但有些分析师仍看空百度。美国投资公司Stifel Nicolas分析师乔治·阿斯库(George Askew)上周发布研究报告，对百度营收来自于并购交易而非有机增长的情况表示担心。美国投资银行Maxim Group分析师埃克·何(Echo He)也同意这种观点。
不过，在中国互联网类股里，百度在本月交易中的表现仍跻身于最好的股票之列，这一事实很可能让一个月前思考过百度未来的任何人都感到吃惊。(唐风)
This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News: New variants at gene linked to kidney disease, sleeping sickness resistance
ScienceDaily: Latest Science News
Breaking science news and articles on global warming, extrasolar planets, stem cells, bird flu, autism, nanotechnology, dinosaurs, evolution -- the latest discoveries in astronomy, anthropology, biology, chemistry, climate and environment, computers, engineering, health and medicine, math, physics, psychology, technology, and more -- from the world's leading universities and research organizations.
New variants at gene linked to kidney disease, sleeping sickness resistance
http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/UbF3qhQIBds/130731133915.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 17:39
July 31, 2013 — A new study led by University of Pennsylvania researchers involves a classic case of evolution's fickle nature: a genetic mutation that protects against a potentially fatal infectious disease also appears to increase the risk of developing a chronic, debilitating condition.
Such a relationship exists between malaria and sickle cell anemia. Individuals who carry a gene to resist the former are carriers for the latter. And recently scientific evidence has suggested that individuals who are resistant to human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, are predisposed to developing chronic kidney disease. That could explain why African-Americans, who derive much of their ancestry from regions where sleeping sickness is endemic, suffer from kidney disease at high rates.
In a study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics, Penn researchers and colleagues offer further insights into the unfinished story of the sleeping sickness-kidney disease connection by looking at a variety of African populations which had not been included in prior studies. Sequencing a portion of a gene believed to play a role in both diseases, the scientists discovered new candidate variants that are targeted by recent natural selection. Their findings lend support to the idea that the advantages of resistance to sleeping sickness, a disease which continues to affect tens of thousands of sub-Saharan Africans each year, may have played a role in the evolution of populations across Africa.
The research was led by Wen-Ya Ko and Sarah Tishkoff of the Department of Genetics in Penn's Perelman School of Medicine. Tishkoff, a Penn Integrates Knowledge professor, also has an appointment in the School of Arts and Sciences' Department of Biology. Ko now holds a research position at the Universidade do Porto in Portugal.
Earlier research had shown that African-Americans with kidney disease frequently had one of two mutations in the gene that codes for the ApoL1 protein, endowing it with the ability to kill the parasite species that causes the form of sleeping sickness found in eastern Africa. But, puzzlingly, these variants were found at high frequencies in the Yoruba, who live in western Africa's Nigeria.
"That was an interesting finding, but nobody had ever done a sequencing analysis of this gene across other African populations," Tishkoff said. "We wanted to know if we would find the same variants and would they be as common."
Using the earlier findings as a starting point, the Penn-led study expanded the sequencing effort to look at a region of the ApoL1 gene in 10 different African populations, encompassing groups from both eastern and western Africa.
They found the G1 and G2 haplotypes in some of the other populations but only at low frequencies, suggesting there may be other variants playing a similar role. Sure enough, the researchers also turned up another variant shared across groups, which they called G3.
"This novel G3 was quite common in some of the populations but surprisingly absent in the Yoruba," Tishkoff said.
Not only was this variant present in the other nine groups studied, but the Ko-Tishkoff team found signs that it had been positively selected, or ferried through generations at a rate above chance, perhaps because it exerted a protective effect against sleeping sickness.
And interestingly, G3 was most common in the Fulani, a pastoralist group which lives in western and central Africa. The authors note that human African sleeping sickness, which is typically transmitted by tse tse flies, might have been an important factor driving the migration patterns of the Fulani throughout history.
Because the Fulani "practice cattle herding, tse tse flies and the parasites they carry may have been more of a problem … than for some other groups," Ko said. "It may have been particularly advantageous for them to be able to resist the disease."
The different variants, therefore, may reflect a variety of selective pressures, including population movements around Africa and the historical and ongoing evolutionary arms race between the sleeping sickness parasite and the human immune system. The fact that the Yoruba can resist a form of the disease that is no longer present in the area in which they live might be the result of changes either in the parasite or in the movement patterns of the Yoruba themselves. Kidney disease might thus be considered an evolutionary trade-off, the unintended consequence of a battle to resist a powerful and prevalent infectious disease.
In future work, the researchers hope to distinguish the role, if any, of G3 in resisting sleeping sickness. Tishkoff will also collaborate with a team of investigators studying kidney disease in Africans from both eastern and western regions of the continent. The goal is to get a more-complete picture of what genetic profiles may predispose certain groups to renal failure. Additionally, Tishkoff will continue to characterize genetic variation and signatures of natural selection in other regions of this gene in order to better understand the evolutionary forces influencing diversity among Africans.
"This study shows that the picture is much more complicated than we previously thought," Tishkoff said. "And it's another great example of why it is so important to look at diverse African groups when studying genomes. There is so much diversity in this one continent."
Additional authors on this paper are Prianka Rajan, Felicia Gomez, Laura Scheinfeldt, Alessia Ranciaro and Jibril B. Hirbo of Penn Medicine's Department of Genetics; Alain Froment of the Musée de l'Homme in Paris; Thomas B. Nyambo of Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Sabah A. Omar of the Kenya Medical Research Institute; Charles Wambebe of International Biomedical Research in Africa; and Ping An and Cheryl Ann Winkler of the National Cancer Institute.
This study was supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.
This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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Breaking science news and articles on global warming, extrasolar planets, stem cells, bird flu, autism, nanotechnology, dinosaurs, evolution -- the latest discoveries in astronomy, anthropology, biology, chemistry, climate and environment, computers, engineering, health and medicine, math, physics, psychology, technology, and more -- from the world's leading universities and research organizations.
New variants at gene linked to kidney disease, sleeping sickness resistance
http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/UbF3qhQIBds/130731133915.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 17:39
July 31, 2013 — A new study led by University of Pennsylvania researchers involves a classic case of evolution's fickle nature: a genetic mutation that protects against a potentially fatal infectious disease also appears to increase the risk of developing a chronic, debilitating condition.
Such a relationship exists between malaria and sickle cell anemia. Individuals who carry a gene to resist the former are carriers for the latter. And recently scientific evidence has suggested that individuals who are resistant to human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, are predisposed to developing chronic kidney disease. That could explain why African-Americans, who derive much of their ancestry from regions where sleeping sickness is endemic, suffer from kidney disease at high rates.
In a study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics, Penn researchers and colleagues offer further insights into the unfinished story of the sleeping sickness-kidney disease connection by looking at a variety of African populations which had not been included in prior studies. Sequencing a portion of a gene believed to play a role in both diseases, the scientists discovered new candidate variants that are targeted by recent natural selection. Their findings lend support to the idea that the advantages of resistance to sleeping sickness, a disease which continues to affect tens of thousands of sub-Saharan Africans each year, may have played a role in the evolution of populations across Africa.
The research was led by Wen-Ya Ko and Sarah Tishkoff of the Department of Genetics in Penn's Perelman School of Medicine. Tishkoff, a Penn Integrates Knowledge professor, also has an appointment in the School of Arts and Sciences' Department of Biology. Ko now holds a research position at the Universidade do Porto in Portugal.
Earlier research had shown that African-Americans with kidney disease frequently had one of two mutations in the gene that codes for the ApoL1 protein, endowing it with the ability to kill the parasite species that causes the form of sleeping sickness found in eastern Africa. But, puzzlingly, these variants were found at high frequencies in the Yoruba, who live in western Africa's Nigeria.
"That was an interesting finding, but nobody had ever done a sequencing analysis of this gene across other African populations," Tishkoff said. "We wanted to know if we would find the same variants and would they be as common."
Using the earlier findings as a starting point, the Penn-led study expanded the sequencing effort to look at a region of the ApoL1 gene in 10 different African populations, encompassing groups from both eastern and western Africa.
They found the G1 and G2 haplotypes in some of the other populations but only at low frequencies, suggesting there may be other variants playing a similar role. Sure enough, the researchers also turned up another variant shared across groups, which they called G3.
"This novel G3 was quite common in some of the populations but surprisingly absent in the Yoruba," Tishkoff said.
Not only was this variant present in the other nine groups studied, but the Ko-Tishkoff team found signs that it had been positively selected, or ferried through generations at a rate above chance, perhaps because it exerted a protective effect against sleeping sickness.
And interestingly, G3 was most common in the Fulani, a pastoralist group which lives in western and central Africa. The authors note that human African sleeping sickness, which is typically transmitted by tse tse flies, might have been an important factor driving the migration patterns of the Fulani throughout history.
Because the Fulani "practice cattle herding, tse tse flies and the parasites they carry may have been more of a problem … than for some other groups," Ko said. "It may have been particularly advantageous for them to be able to resist the disease."
The different variants, therefore, may reflect a variety of selective pressures, including population movements around Africa and the historical and ongoing evolutionary arms race between the sleeping sickness parasite and the human immune system. The fact that the Yoruba can resist a form of the disease that is no longer present in the area in which they live might be the result of changes either in the parasite or in the movement patterns of the Yoruba themselves. Kidney disease might thus be considered an evolutionary trade-off, the unintended consequence of a battle to resist a powerful and prevalent infectious disease.
In future work, the researchers hope to distinguish the role, if any, of G3 in resisting sleeping sickness. Tishkoff will also collaborate with a team of investigators studying kidney disease in Africans from both eastern and western regions of the continent. The goal is to get a more-complete picture of what genetic profiles may predispose certain groups to renal failure. Additionally, Tishkoff will continue to characterize genetic variation and signatures of natural selection in other regions of this gene in order to better understand the evolutionary forces influencing diversity among Africans.
"This study shows that the picture is much more complicated than we previously thought," Tishkoff said. "And it's another great example of why it is so important to look at diverse African groups when studying genomes. There is so much diversity in this one continent."
Additional authors on this paper are Prianka Rajan, Felicia Gomez, Laura Scheinfeldt, Alessia Ranciaro and Jibril B. Hirbo of Penn Medicine's Department of Genetics; Alain Froment of the Musée de l'Homme in Paris; Thomas B. Nyambo of Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Sabah A. Omar of the Kenya Medical Research Institute; Charles Wambebe of International Biomedical Research in Africa; and Ping An and Cheryl Ann Winkler of the National Cancer Institute.
This study was supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.
This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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科技要闻-新浪科技: 美国杀鸡儆猴“泄密者”曼宁恐面临136年刑期
科技要闻-新浪科技
科技时代-科技要闻
美国杀鸡儆猴"泄密者"曼宁恐面临136年刑期
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/i/2013-08-01/03078594337.shtml
Jul 31st 2013, 19:07
盛媛
[ 曼宁在2010年泄露的秘密文件数量当年创下了史上之最，这次审判也创下了美国对泄密行为处置的严厉程度之最 ]
斯诺登的"前辈"、曾向"维基解密"网站泄露大量机密文件的美军士兵拉德利·曼宁(Bradley E. Manning)于当地时间7月30日被判间谍罪名成立，同时其他总共19项罪名可能令其面临136年监禁。
曼宁在2010年泄露的秘密文件数量当年创下了史上之最，这次审判也创下了美国对泄密行为处置的严厉程度之最。
而此刻最惴惴不安的恐怕是仍滞留在莫斯科谢列梅捷沃机场中转区的斯诺登。尽管曼宁案是在军事法庭的判决，但无法不让人联想到该判决是否会对未来非军事类似案件有任何指标性意义或影响。
曼宁"间谍罪"成立
当地时间7月30日，在仅几分钟的开庭时间内，法官、陆军上校林德宣读了判决，在21项指控中，通敌罪、非法拥有国防资料两项指控罪名不成立，但包括间谍罪在内的其余19项罪名均成立。
此次庭审的地点在华盛顿以北的大型军事基地米德堡，而这里也是美国网战司令部(USCYBERCOM)以及美国国家安全局(NSA)的所在地。
根据《反间谍法》，19项罪名全部成立可能会令25岁的曼宁面临漫长的刑期，如果每项罪名所对应的最高刑期相加，曼宁可能面临136年监禁。
而军事公诉人则试图推动对曼宁实施更严厉的判决，他们将曼宁称为"卖国贼"，并称曼宁的行动帮助了基地组织网络。
2010年，在伊拉克战场担任美军情报分析员的曼宁被捕，他将获取的机密文件传送给"维基解密"网站，随后该网站向公众披露获取的机密文件，在全球范围内引起轩然大波。曼宁传给"维基解密"的文件和资料包括大量美国外交电报和伊拉克、阿富汗战场的原始情报。曼宁此前已承认涉及泄露约70万份文件的多项指控。
不过令曼宁和其家人稍感安慰的是，法庭宣布通敌罪和非法拥有国防资料两项罪名不成立。通敌罪是所有指控中最严重的一项，如果该罪名成立，曼宁将面临终身监禁，不得假释。
"法官同意我们的主张，曼宁从未打算以任何方式帮助美国的敌人，这令人欣慰。"曼宁的家人在一份声明中称，"曼宁爱自己的国家，并以身为美国军人为荣。"
量刑过重引争议
美国布伦南司法中心(Brennan Center for Justice)的戈伊坦认为，尽管曼宁被判"通敌罪"不成立，但该案判决之重仍是"罕见的"。"他是少有的几个因向媒体透露消息而被控违反《反间谍法》的人之一。"她说，"除曼宁外，仅有一个审后被判有罪的人，而后来此人获得了赦免。"
另有分析称，本次法庭在被告缺乏蓄意损害国家利益的证据的情况下，就给出如此严厉的判决，一方面有"杀鸡儆猴"的意味，另一方面将使此案成为一个可怕的先例。
包括曼宁在内，奥巴马政府已经有7名政府人员以及雇佣人员因泄密而被判间谍罪。
美国《基督教科学箴言报》预测，曼宁案后美国可能展开规模空前的、全世界范围内的泄密行为打击行动。
"关于曼宁以及'维基解密'造成损失的官方评估尚未公开，但我的观点是多数损害是微妙的。"美国政府安全专家史蒂芬·阿夫特古德说，"机密信息的披露让人们对美国政府的能力产生质疑，无论是在外交、军事行动或情报方面。这不是一件小事。"
在曼宁案中，美国政府一直指责曼宁给美国国家利益造成了不可挽回的损失，而在另一些人看来，从判决结果"通敌罪"不成立来看，奥巴马政府似乎有些夸大其词了。
美国国务院前发言人克劳利称，曼宁的行为违背了其军事誓约，并将真实生活和职业置于危险中，但对美国的战略损害"是短暂的"。
对斯诺登杀鸡儆猴
尽管曼宁案属于军事案件，但人们仍无法不关注该判决是否会对未来非军事类似案件有任何参考意义，尤其是对美国国家安全局前雇员、"棱镜"计划泄密者斯诺登来说。
在挖出并惩罚那些国家安全"泄密者"这件事上，美国总统奥巴马比其任何前任都更加积极、强势。
在"维基解密"披露美国机密文件后，奥巴马下令采取新措施保护政府电脑中储存的机密材料，而在去年11月，为了阻止未来再次发生像曼宁这样的泄密事件，奥巴马发布了《国家内部威胁政策》。在新政策和措施下，美国政府机密网络会自动监测异常的大量数据下载，但这仍未能阻止斯诺登下载大量高度机密的美国国家安全局文件。
今年6月初，斯诺登向媒体披露了美国情报部门监控通信信息的"棱镜"项目，6月23日他作为中转旅客到达莫斯科舍列梅季耶沃机场，至今滞留在该机场中转区。
奥巴马政府多次表示，斯诺登应该回国接受重罪指控。美国驻俄罗斯大使麦克福尔近日在社交网站上写道，美国要求斯诺登回国，而不是引渡。
而在6月下旬，有美国媒体报道称，联邦检察官已向弗吉尼亚州东部法院递交了密封文件，正式对斯诺登提出包括从事间谍活动、盗窃以及转移政府财产等多项指控。
7月16日，斯诺登正式向俄罗斯提出了临时避难申请，理由之一就是如果回到美国，会遭受折磨甚至面临死刑。斯诺登的父亲隆·斯诺登近日表示，对儿子的行为感到欣慰，同时，他谴责奥巴马政府将儿子定性为"叛国者"，宁愿让儿子留在俄罗斯。
阿夫特古德称，军方和非军事泄密案件有很大区别。"每一个《反间谍法》相关案件并不一定参照此前类似案件的判决。"他说，"曼宁案可能会对政府在处理泄密案件时产生一些'心理'影响，但这都无法预测。"
This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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科技时代-科技要闻
美国杀鸡儆猴"泄密者"曼宁恐面临136年刑期
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/i/2013-08-01/03078594337.shtml
Jul 31st 2013, 19:07
盛媛
[ 曼宁在2010年泄露的秘密文件数量当年创下了史上之最，这次审判也创下了美国对泄密行为处置的严厉程度之最 ]
斯诺登的"前辈"、曾向"维基解密"网站泄露大量机密文件的美军士兵拉德利·曼宁(Bradley E. Manning)于当地时间7月30日被判间谍罪名成立，同时其他总共19项罪名可能令其面临136年监禁。
曼宁在2010年泄露的秘密文件数量当年创下了史上之最，这次审判也创下了美国对泄密行为处置的严厉程度之最。
而此刻最惴惴不安的恐怕是仍滞留在莫斯科谢列梅捷沃机场中转区的斯诺登。尽管曼宁案是在军事法庭的判决，但无法不让人联想到该判决是否会对未来非军事类似案件有任何指标性意义或影响。
曼宁"间谍罪"成立
当地时间7月30日，在仅几分钟的开庭时间内，法官、陆军上校林德宣读了判决，在21项指控中，通敌罪、非法拥有国防资料两项指控罪名不成立，但包括间谍罪在内的其余19项罪名均成立。
此次庭审的地点在华盛顿以北的大型军事基地米德堡，而这里也是美国网战司令部(USCYBERCOM)以及美国国家安全局(NSA)的所在地。
根据《反间谍法》，19项罪名全部成立可能会令25岁的曼宁面临漫长的刑期，如果每项罪名所对应的最高刑期相加，曼宁可能面临136年监禁。
而军事公诉人则试图推动对曼宁实施更严厉的判决，他们将曼宁称为"卖国贼"，并称曼宁的行动帮助了基地组织网络。
2010年，在伊拉克战场担任美军情报分析员的曼宁被捕，他将获取的机密文件传送给"维基解密"网站，随后该网站向公众披露获取的机密文件，在全球范围内引起轩然大波。曼宁传给"维基解密"的文件和资料包括大量美国外交电报和伊拉克、阿富汗战场的原始情报。曼宁此前已承认涉及泄露约70万份文件的多项指控。
不过令曼宁和其家人稍感安慰的是，法庭宣布通敌罪和非法拥有国防资料两项罪名不成立。通敌罪是所有指控中最严重的一项，如果该罪名成立，曼宁将面临终身监禁，不得假释。
"法官同意我们的主张，曼宁从未打算以任何方式帮助美国的敌人，这令人欣慰。"曼宁的家人在一份声明中称，"曼宁爱自己的国家，并以身为美国军人为荣。"
量刑过重引争议
美国布伦南司法中心(Brennan Center for Justice)的戈伊坦认为，尽管曼宁被判"通敌罪"不成立，但该案判决之重仍是"罕见的"。"他是少有的几个因向媒体透露消息而被控违反《反间谍法》的人之一。"她说，"除曼宁外，仅有一个审后被判有罪的人，而后来此人获得了赦免。"
另有分析称，本次法庭在被告缺乏蓄意损害国家利益的证据的情况下，就给出如此严厉的判决，一方面有"杀鸡儆猴"的意味，另一方面将使此案成为一个可怕的先例。
包括曼宁在内，奥巴马政府已经有7名政府人员以及雇佣人员因泄密而被判间谍罪。
美国《基督教科学箴言报》预测，曼宁案后美国可能展开规模空前的、全世界范围内的泄密行为打击行动。
"关于曼宁以及'维基解密'造成损失的官方评估尚未公开，但我的观点是多数损害是微妙的。"美国政府安全专家史蒂芬·阿夫特古德说，"机密信息的披露让人们对美国政府的能力产生质疑，无论是在外交、军事行动或情报方面。这不是一件小事。"
在曼宁案中，美国政府一直指责曼宁给美国国家利益造成了不可挽回的损失，而在另一些人看来，从判决结果"通敌罪"不成立来看，奥巴马政府似乎有些夸大其词了。
美国国务院前发言人克劳利称，曼宁的行为违背了其军事誓约，并将真实生活和职业置于危险中，但对美国的战略损害"是短暂的"。
对斯诺登杀鸡儆猴
尽管曼宁案属于军事案件，但人们仍无法不关注该判决是否会对未来非军事类似案件有任何参考意义，尤其是对美国国家安全局前雇员、"棱镜"计划泄密者斯诺登来说。
在挖出并惩罚那些国家安全"泄密者"这件事上，美国总统奥巴马比其任何前任都更加积极、强势。
在"维基解密"披露美国机密文件后，奥巴马下令采取新措施保护政府电脑中储存的机密材料，而在去年11月，为了阻止未来再次发生像曼宁这样的泄密事件，奥巴马发布了《国家内部威胁政策》。在新政策和措施下，美国政府机密网络会自动监测异常的大量数据下载，但这仍未能阻止斯诺登下载大量高度机密的美国国家安全局文件。
今年6月初，斯诺登向媒体披露了美国情报部门监控通信信息的"棱镜"项目，6月23日他作为中转旅客到达莫斯科舍列梅季耶沃机场，至今滞留在该机场中转区。
奥巴马政府多次表示，斯诺登应该回国接受重罪指控。美国驻俄罗斯大使麦克福尔近日在社交网站上写道，美国要求斯诺登回国，而不是引渡。
而在6月下旬，有美国媒体报道称，联邦检察官已向弗吉尼亚州东部法院递交了密封文件，正式对斯诺登提出包括从事间谍活动、盗窃以及转移政府财产等多项指控。
7月16日，斯诺登正式向俄罗斯提出了临时避难申请，理由之一就是如果回到美国，会遭受折磨甚至面临死刑。斯诺登的父亲隆·斯诺登近日表示，对儿子的行为感到欣慰，同时，他谴责奥巴马政府将儿子定性为"叛国者"，宁愿让儿子留在俄罗斯。
阿夫特古德称，军方和非军事泄密案件有很大区别。"每一个《反间谍法》相关案件并不一定参照此前类似案件的判决。"他说，"曼宁案可能会对政府在处理泄密案件时产生一些'心理'影响，但这都无法预测。"
This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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科技要闻-新浪科技: 巨人宣布推全额宝业务 深化网游消费革命
科技要闻-新浪科技
科技时代-科技要闻
巨人宣布推全额宝业务 深化网游消费革命
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/i/2013-08-01/03008594335.shtml
Jul 31st 2013, 19:00
新浪科技讯 8月1日凌晨消息，巨人网络今日宣布正式推出致力于促进网游消费变革的"全额宝"业务。用户可把游戏中消费存入全额宝账户，实现保值、分红、再次消费等功能。这意味着，巨人网络将借《征途2》深化网游消费变革，探索网游新商业模式。
据悉，全额宝业务将在8月中旬上线的《征途2》正式版中率先试行，未来逐步推进到巨人旗下其他游戏中。在全额宝业务上线后，玩家拥有的《征途2》账号将自动升级为全额宝账户，玩家在《征途2》所有消费也将自动存入全额宝账户中，并拥有一系列独享福利。
公开信息显示，2012年我国网络游戏玩家规模已超1亿人，市场收入规模已超过600亿元。分析认为，推进网游商业变革，对改善玩家游戏体验、提升玩家幸福指数，以及促进网游业健康发展有着非常重要的意义。
巨人网络今日还证实，已向国家工商行政管理总局商标局提交"全额宝"商标注册的申请，目前处于审批进程中。
This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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科技时代-科技要闻
巨人宣布推全额宝业务 深化网游消费革命
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/i/2013-08-01/03008594335.shtml
Jul 31st 2013, 19:00
新浪科技讯 8月1日凌晨消息，巨人网络今日宣布正式推出致力于促进网游消费变革的"全额宝"业务。用户可把游戏中消费存入全额宝账户，实现保值、分红、再次消费等功能。这意味着，巨人网络将借《征途2》深化网游消费变革，探索网游新商业模式。
据悉，全额宝业务将在8月中旬上线的《征途2》正式版中率先试行，未来逐步推进到巨人旗下其他游戏中。在全额宝业务上线后，玩家拥有的《征途2》账号将自动升级为全额宝账户，玩家在《征途2》所有消费也将自动存入全额宝账户中，并拥有一系列独享福利。
公开信息显示，2012年我国网络游戏玩家规模已超1亿人，市场收入规模已超过600亿元。分析认为，推进网游商业变革，对改善玩家游戏体验、提升玩家幸福指数，以及促进网游业健康发展有着非常重要的意义。
巨人网络今日还证实，已向国家工商行政管理总局商标局提交"全额宝"商标注册的申请，目前处于审批进程中。
This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News: 'Highway from Hell' fueled Costa Rican volcano
ScienceDaily: Latest Science News
Breaking science news and articles on global warming, extrasolar planets, stem cells, bird flu, autism, nanotechnology, dinosaurs, evolution -- the latest discoveries in astronomy, anthropology, biology, chemistry, climate and environment, computers, engineering, health and medicine, math, physics, psychology, technology, and more -- from the world's leading universities and research organizations.
'Highway from Hell' fueled Costa Rican volcano
http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/0oJkd4xeGV0/130731133159.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 17:31
July 31, 2013 — If some volcanoes operate on geologic timescales, Costa Rica's Irazú had something of a short fuse. In a new study in the journal Nature, scientists suggest that the 1960s eruption of Costa Rica's largest stratovolcano was triggered by magma rising from the mantle over a few short months, rather than thousands of years or more, as many scientists have thought. The study is the latest to suggest that deep, hot magma can set off an eruption fairly quickly, potentially providing an extra tool for detecting an oncoming volcanic disaster.
"If we had had seismic instruments in the area at the time we could have seen these deep magmas coming," said the study's lead author, Philipp Ruprecht, a volcanologist at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. "We could have had an early warning of months, instead of days or weeks."
Towering more than 10,000 feet and covering almost 200 square miles, Irazú erupts about every 20 years or less, with varying degrees of damage. When it awakened in 1963, it erupted for two years, killing at least 20 people and burying hundreds of homes in mud and ash. Its last eruption, in 1994, did little damage.
Irazú sits on the Pacific Ring of Fire, where oceanic crust is slowly sinking beneath the continents, producing some of earth's most spectacular fireworks. Conventional wisdom holds that the mantle magma feeding those eruptions rises and lingers for long periods of time in a mixing chamber several miles below the volcano. But ash from Irazú's prolonged explosion is the latest to suggest that some magma may travel directly from the upper mantle, covering more than 20 miles in a few months.
"There has to be a conduit from the mantle to the magma chamber," said study co-author Terry Plank, a geochemist at Lamont-Doherty. "We like to call it the highway from hell."
Their evidence comes from crystals of the mineral olivine separated from the ashes of Irazú's 1963-1965 eruption, collected on a 2010 expedition to the volcano. As magma rising from the mantle cools, it forms crystals that preserve the conditions in which they formed. Unexpectedly, Irazú's crystals revealed spikes of nickel, a trace element found in the mantle. The spikes told the researchers that some of Irazú's erupted magma was so fresh the nickel had not had a chance to diffuse.
"The study provides one more piece of evidence that it's possible to get magma from the mantle to the surface in very short order," said John Pallister, who heads the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Disaster Assistance Program in Vancouver, Wash. "It tells us there's a potentially shorter time span we need to worry about."
Deep, fast-rising magma has been linked to other big events. In 1991, Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines spewed so much gas and ash into the atmosphere that it cooled Earth's climate. In the weeks before the eruption, seismographs recorded hundreds of deep earthquakes that USGS geologist Randall White later attributed to magma rising from the mantle-crust boundary. In 2010, a chain of eruptions at Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano that caused widespread flight cancellations also indicated that some magma was coming from down deep. Small earthquakes set off by the eruptions suggested that the magma in Eyjafjallajökull's last two explosions originated 12 miles and 15 miles below the surface, according to a 2012 study by University of Cambridge researcher Jon Tarasewicz in Geophysical Research Letters.
Volcanoes give off many warning signs before a blow-up. Their cones bulge with magma. They vent carbon dioxide and sulfur into the air, and throw off enough heat that satellites can detect their changing temperature. Below ground, tremors and other rumblings can be detected by seismographs. When Indonesia's Mount Merapi roared to life in late October 2010, officials led a mass evacuation later credited with saving as many as 20,000 lives.
Still, the forecasting of volcanic eruptions is not an exact science. Even if more seismographs could be placed along the flanks of volcanoes to detect deep earthquakes, it is unclear if scientists would be able to translate the rumblings into a projected eruption date. Most problematically, many apparent warning signs do not lead to an eruption, putting officials in a bind over whether to evacuate nearby residents.
"[Several months] leaves a lot of room for error," said Erik Klemetti, a volcanologist at Denison University. "In volcanic hazards you have very few shots to get people to leave."
Scientists may be able to narrow the window by continuing to look for patterns between eruptions and the earthquakes that precede them. The Nature study also provides a real-world constraint for modeling how fast magma travels to the surface. "If this interpretation is correct, you start having a speed limit that your models of magma transport have to catch," said Tom Sisson, a USGS volcanologist based at Menlo Park, Calif.
Olivine minerals with nickel spikes similar to Irazú's have been found in the ashes of arc volcanoes in Mexico, Siberia and the Cascades of the U.S. Pacific Northwest, said Lamont geochemist Susanne Straub, whose ideas inspired the study. "It's clearly not a local phenomenon," she said. The researchers are currently analyzing crystals from past volcanic eruptions in Alaska's Aleutian Islands, Chile and Tonga, but are unsure how many will bear Irazú's fast-rising magma signature. "Some may be capable of producing highways from hell and some may not," said Ruprecht.
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Breaking science news and articles on global warming, extrasolar planets, stem cells, bird flu, autism, nanotechnology, dinosaurs, evolution -- the latest discoveries in astronomy, anthropology, biology, chemistry, climate and environment, computers, engineering, health and medicine, math, physics, psychology, technology, and more -- from the world's leading universities and research organizations.
'Highway from Hell' fueled Costa Rican volcano
http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/0oJkd4xeGV0/130731133159.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 17:31
July 31, 2013 — If some volcanoes operate on geologic timescales, Costa Rica's Irazú had something of a short fuse. In a new study in the journal Nature, scientists suggest that the 1960s eruption of Costa Rica's largest stratovolcano was triggered by magma rising from the mantle over a few short months, rather than thousands of years or more, as many scientists have thought. The study is the latest to suggest that deep, hot magma can set off an eruption fairly quickly, potentially providing an extra tool for detecting an oncoming volcanic disaster.
"If we had had seismic instruments in the area at the time we could have seen these deep magmas coming," said the study's lead author, Philipp Ruprecht, a volcanologist at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. "We could have had an early warning of months, instead of days or weeks."
Towering more than 10,000 feet and covering almost 200 square miles, Irazú erupts about every 20 years or less, with varying degrees of damage. When it awakened in 1963, it erupted for two years, killing at least 20 people and burying hundreds of homes in mud and ash. Its last eruption, in 1994, did little damage.
Irazú sits on the Pacific Ring of Fire, where oceanic crust is slowly sinking beneath the continents, producing some of earth's most spectacular fireworks. Conventional wisdom holds that the mantle magma feeding those eruptions rises and lingers for long periods of time in a mixing chamber several miles below the volcano. But ash from Irazú's prolonged explosion is the latest to suggest that some magma may travel directly from the upper mantle, covering more than 20 miles in a few months.
"There has to be a conduit from the mantle to the magma chamber," said study co-author Terry Plank, a geochemist at Lamont-Doherty. "We like to call it the highway from hell."
Their evidence comes from crystals of the mineral olivine separated from the ashes of Irazú's 1963-1965 eruption, collected on a 2010 expedition to the volcano. As magma rising from the mantle cools, it forms crystals that preserve the conditions in which they formed. Unexpectedly, Irazú's crystals revealed spikes of nickel, a trace element found in the mantle. The spikes told the researchers that some of Irazú's erupted magma was so fresh the nickel had not had a chance to diffuse.
"The study provides one more piece of evidence that it's possible to get magma from the mantle to the surface in very short order," said John Pallister, who heads the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Disaster Assistance Program in Vancouver, Wash. "It tells us there's a potentially shorter time span we need to worry about."
Deep, fast-rising magma has been linked to other big events. In 1991, Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines spewed so much gas and ash into the atmosphere that it cooled Earth's climate. In the weeks before the eruption, seismographs recorded hundreds of deep earthquakes that USGS geologist Randall White later attributed to magma rising from the mantle-crust boundary. In 2010, a chain of eruptions at Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano that caused widespread flight cancellations also indicated that some magma was coming from down deep. Small earthquakes set off by the eruptions suggested that the magma in Eyjafjallajökull's last two explosions originated 12 miles and 15 miles below the surface, according to a 2012 study by University of Cambridge researcher Jon Tarasewicz in Geophysical Research Letters.
Volcanoes give off many warning signs before a blow-up. Their cones bulge with magma. They vent carbon dioxide and sulfur into the air, and throw off enough heat that satellites can detect their changing temperature. Below ground, tremors and other rumblings can be detected by seismographs. When Indonesia's Mount Merapi roared to life in late October 2010, officials led a mass evacuation later credited with saving as many as 20,000 lives.
Still, the forecasting of volcanic eruptions is not an exact science. Even if more seismographs could be placed along the flanks of volcanoes to detect deep earthquakes, it is unclear if scientists would be able to translate the rumblings into a projected eruption date. Most problematically, many apparent warning signs do not lead to an eruption, putting officials in a bind over whether to evacuate nearby residents.
"[Several months] leaves a lot of room for error," said Erik Klemetti, a volcanologist at Denison University. "In volcanic hazards you have very few shots to get people to leave."
Scientists may be able to narrow the window by continuing to look for patterns between eruptions and the earthquakes that precede them. The Nature study also provides a real-world constraint for modeling how fast magma travels to the surface. "If this interpretation is correct, you start having a speed limit that your models of magma transport have to catch," said Tom Sisson, a USGS volcanologist based at Menlo Park, Calif.
Olivine minerals with nickel spikes similar to Irazú's have been found in the ashes of arc volcanoes in Mexico, Siberia and the Cascades of the U.S. Pacific Northwest, said Lamont geochemist Susanne Straub, whose ideas inspired the study. "It's clearly not a local phenomenon," she said. The researchers are currently analyzing crystals from past volcanic eruptions in Alaska's Aleutian Islands, Chile and Tonga, but are unsure how many will bear Irazú's fast-rising magma signature. "Some may be capable of producing highways from hell and some may not," said Ruprecht.
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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News: Universal law for light absorption in 2-D semiconductors
ScienceDaily: Latest Science News
Breaking science news and articles on global warming, extrasolar planets, stem cells, bird flu, autism, nanotechnology, dinosaurs, evolution -- the latest discoveries in astronomy, anthropology, biology, chemistry, climate and environment, computers, engineering, health and medicine, math, physics, psychology, technology, and more -- from the world's leading universities and research organizations.
Universal law for light absorption in 2-D semiconductors
http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/w8aQPeXcKS0/130731133210.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 17:32
July 31, 2013 — From solar cells to optoelectronic sensors to lasers and imaging devices, many of today's semiconductor technologies hinge upon the absorption of light. Absorption is especially critical for nano-sized structures at the interface between two energy barriers called quantum wells, in which the movement of charge carriers is confined to two-dimensions. Now, for the first time, a simple law of light absorption for 2D semiconductors has been demonstrated.
Working with ultrathin membranes of the semiconductor indium arsenide, a team of researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) has discovered a quantum unit of photon absorption, which they have dubbed "AQ," that should be general to all 2D semiconductors, including compound semiconductors of the III-V family that are favored for solar films and optoelectronic devices. This discovery not only provides new insight into the optical properties of 2D semiconductors and quantum wells, it should also open doors to exotic new optoelectronic and photonic technologies.
"We used free-standing indium arsenide membranes down to three nanometers in thickness as a model material system to accurately probe the absorption properties of 2D semiconductors as a function of membrane thickness and electron band structure," says Ali Javey, a faculty scientist in Berkeley Lab's Materials Sciences Division and a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of California (UC) Berkeley. "We discovered that the magnitude of step-wise absorptance in these materials is independent of thickness and band structure details."
Javey is one of two corresponding authors of a paper describing this research in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The paper is titled "Quantum of optical absorption in two-dimensional semiconductors." Eli Yablonovitch, an electrical engineer who also holds joint appointments with Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley, is the other corresponding author. Co-authors are Hui Fang, Hans Bechtel, Elena Plis, Michael Martin and Sanjay Krishna.
Previous work has shown that graphene, a two-dimensional sheet of carbon, has a universal value of light absorption. Javey, Yablonovitch and their colleagues have now found that a similar generalized law applies to all 2D semiconductors. This discovery was made possible by a unique process that Javey and his research group developed in which thin films of indium arsenide are transferred onto an optically transparent substrate, in this case calcium fluoride.
"This provided us with ultrathin membranes of indium arsenide, only a few unit cells in thickness, that absorb light on a substrate that absorbed no light," Javey says. "We were then able to investigate the optical absorption properties of membranes that ranged in thickness from three to 19 nanometers as a function of band structure and thickness."
Using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) capabilities of Beamline 1.4.3 at Berkeley Lab's Advanced Light Source, a DOE national user facility, Javey, Yablonovitch and their co-authors measured the magnitude of light absorptance in the transition from one electronic band to the next at room temperature. They observed a discrete stepwise increase at each transition from indium arsenide membranes with an AQ value of approximately 1.7-percent per step.
"This absorption law appears to be universal for all 2D semiconductor systems," says Yablonovitch. "Our results add to the basic understanding of electron-photon interactions under strong quantum confinement and provide a unique insight toward the use of 2D semiconductors for novel photonic and optoelectronic applications."
This research was supported by DOE's Office of Science and the National Science Foundation.
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Breaking science news and articles on global warming, extrasolar planets, stem cells, bird flu, autism, nanotechnology, dinosaurs, evolution -- the latest discoveries in astronomy, anthropology, biology, chemistry, climate and environment, computers, engineering, health and medicine, math, physics, psychology, technology, and more -- from the world's leading universities and research organizations.
Universal law for light absorption in 2-D semiconductors
http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/w8aQPeXcKS0/130731133210.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 17:32
July 31, 2013 — From solar cells to optoelectronic sensors to lasers and imaging devices, many of today's semiconductor technologies hinge upon the absorption of light. Absorption is especially critical for nano-sized structures at the interface between two energy barriers called quantum wells, in which the movement of charge carriers is confined to two-dimensions. Now, for the first time, a simple law of light absorption for 2D semiconductors has been demonstrated.
Working with ultrathin membranes of the semiconductor indium arsenide, a team of researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) has discovered a quantum unit of photon absorption, which they have dubbed "AQ," that should be general to all 2D semiconductors, including compound semiconductors of the III-V family that are favored for solar films and optoelectronic devices. This discovery not only provides new insight into the optical properties of 2D semiconductors and quantum wells, it should also open doors to exotic new optoelectronic and photonic technologies.
"We used free-standing indium arsenide membranes down to three nanometers in thickness as a model material system to accurately probe the absorption properties of 2D semiconductors as a function of membrane thickness and electron band structure," says Ali Javey, a faculty scientist in Berkeley Lab's Materials Sciences Division and a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of California (UC) Berkeley. "We discovered that the magnitude of step-wise absorptance in these materials is independent of thickness and band structure details."
Javey is one of two corresponding authors of a paper describing this research in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The paper is titled "Quantum of optical absorption in two-dimensional semiconductors." Eli Yablonovitch, an electrical engineer who also holds joint appointments with Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley, is the other corresponding author. Co-authors are Hui Fang, Hans Bechtel, Elena Plis, Michael Martin and Sanjay Krishna.
Previous work has shown that graphene, a two-dimensional sheet of carbon, has a universal value of light absorption. Javey, Yablonovitch and their colleagues have now found that a similar generalized law applies to all 2D semiconductors. This discovery was made possible by a unique process that Javey and his research group developed in which thin films of indium arsenide are transferred onto an optically transparent substrate, in this case calcium fluoride.
"This provided us with ultrathin membranes of indium arsenide, only a few unit cells in thickness, that absorb light on a substrate that absorbed no light," Javey says. "We were then able to investigate the optical absorption properties of membranes that ranged in thickness from three to 19 nanometers as a function of band structure and thickness."
Using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) capabilities of Beamline 1.4.3 at Berkeley Lab's Advanced Light Source, a DOE national user facility, Javey, Yablonovitch and their co-authors measured the magnitude of light absorptance in the transition from one electronic band to the next at room temperature. They observed a discrete stepwise increase at each transition from indium arsenide membranes with an AQ value of approximately 1.7-percent per step.
"This absorption law appears to be universal for all 2D semiconductor systems," says Yablonovitch. "Our results add to the basic understanding of electron-photon interactions under strong quantum confinement and provide a unique insight toward the use of 2D semiconductors for novel photonic and optoelectronic applications."
This research was supported by DOE's Office of Science and the National Science Foundation.
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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News: Game changer for synthesizing new materials: Method synthesizes thousands of new compounds with ultra low thermal conductivity
ScienceDaily: Latest Science News
Breaking science news and articles on global warming, extrasolar planets, stem cells, bird flu, autism, nanotechnology, dinosaurs, evolution -- the latest discoveries in astronomy, anthropology, biology, chemistry, climate and environment, computers, engineering, health and medicine, math, physics, psychology, technology, and more -- from the world's leading universities and research organizations.
Game changer for synthesizing new materials: Method synthesizes thousands of new compounds with ultra low thermal conductivity
http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/Bq2bM87q0pY/130731133206.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 17:32
July 31, 2013 — University of Oregon chemist David C. Johnson likens his lab's newly published accomplishments to combining two flavors of ice cream -- vanilla and chocolate -- and churning out thousands of flavors to appeal to any taste bud.
In reality, though, he is referring to his game-changing approach to synthesize thousands of new compounds with ultra low thermal conductivity and other unusual properties quickly instead of the traditional and time-consuming preparative approach that is limited to just a few thermodynamically stable compounds.
In a paper placed online ahead of print publication by the Journal of the American Chemical Society (JACS), Johnson's eight-member team documented their design of layered elemental precursors that when lightly warmed self assemble into 18 new nano-sized and metastable compounds with predictable nano-architectures and specific crystallographic orientations.
Until recently, the design and synthesis of crystalline materials in solid-state inorganic chemistry has been very limited because creating them has required heating at high temperatures for long periods, with little control of the reaction pathway. Johnson's new approach is a paradigm change.
"We can now make 20,000 compounds where there used to be three," Johnson said. "We've gone from thermodynamic control to kinetic control. In this particular case, we've taken two compounds, and we can take these solids and interweave them -- put them together however we want by rearranging the layers. We can make specific structures that have subtle differences in their physical properties."
The key to the success of the new approach, he said, involves controlling the local compositions and diffusion distances of the precursor to guide the formation process so the constituent layers come together predictably.
"We design and calibrate the repeating unit of the precursor such that the relative and absolute amounts of atoms of each element within each region of the precursor corresponds to the number of atoms needed to form complete structural units of each component on annealing," the researchers wrote in their paper. "If too much or too little material is present, we found that the resulting partial layers disrupt the desired ordered structure."
Another challenge also emerges when working at nano sizes; as crystals get smaller the ratio of bulk to surface atoms decreases, leading to changes in their structure. Due to the distributions of sizes resulting from other synthesis techniques, the exact structures of nano-sized crystals have not been determined.
Earlier this year, in the Feb. 11 issue of the journal Angewandte, another Johnson-led team described how his lab's synthesis technique produces precisely defined structures, which permit distortions in structure to be experimentally determined as a function of size. This structural knowledge, he said, is key to predicting how properties change with nanoarchitecture.
Just how the new technology will be utilized isn't clear, said Johnson, who holds the Rosaria P. Haugland Foundation Chair in Pure and Applied Chemistry at the UO. "We're making lab-scale sample films that are only a fraction of a hair's thickness," he said.
Their ultra-low thermal conductivity makes insulation a most-likely early scenario for application, he said, but his lab in the Center for Sustainable Materials Chemistry -- a National Science Foundation-funded center involving the UO and Oregon State University -- is now looking at how to possibly increase production by way of a cost-effective solution route to create coatings that self-organize into one of these low thermal conductivity solids.
"They are fantastic insulators," said Johnson, who also is a member of the UO's Materials Science Institute. "Most solids like window glass have a thermal conductivity of about 1 watt per meter kelvin. Air, on the other hand, has a thermal conductivity of about .03 watts per meter kelvin. Our materials have a thermal conductivity of about .05-0.10, which means that if the material was at about 500 degrees Celsius, I could touch it. There wouldn't be enough energy transferred per unit time to burn my hand."
"UO researchers are helping to create a more sustainable future by re-engineering the science, manufacturing and business processes related to critical products,' said Kimberly Andrews Espy, the UO's vice president for research and innovation and dean of the graduate school. "This approach by Dr. Johnson and his team, which enables the quick synthesis of thousands of new compounds, holds enormous potential for the creation of new materials."
This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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Breaking science news and articles on global warming, extrasolar planets, stem cells, bird flu, autism, nanotechnology, dinosaurs, evolution -- the latest discoveries in astronomy, anthropology, biology, chemistry, climate and environment, computers, engineering, health and medicine, math, physics, psychology, technology, and more -- from the world's leading universities and research organizations.
Game changer for synthesizing new materials: Method synthesizes thousands of new compounds with ultra low thermal conductivity
http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/Bq2bM87q0pY/130731133206.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 17:32
July 31, 2013 — University of Oregon chemist David C. Johnson likens his lab's newly published accomplishments to combining two flavors of ice cream -- vanilla and chocolate -- and churning out thousands of flavors to appeal to any taste bud.
In reality, though, he is referring to his game-changing approach to synthesize thousands of new compounds with ultra low thermal conductivity and other unusual properties quickly instead of the traditional and time-consuming preparative approach that is limited to just a few thermodynamically stable compounds.
In a paper placed online ahead of print publication by the Journal of the American Chemical Society (JACS), Johnson's eight-member team documented their design of layered elemental precursors that when lightly warmed self assemble into 18 new nano-sized and metastable compounds with predictable nano-architectures and specific crystallographic orientations.
Until recently, the design and synthesis of crystalline materials in solid-state inorganic chemistry has been very limited because creating them has required heating at high temperatures for long periods, with little control of the reaction pathway. Johnson's new approach is a paradigm change.
"We can now make 20,000 compounds where there used to be three," Johnson said. "We've gone from thermodynamic control to kinetic control. In this particular case, we've taken two compounds, and we can take these solids and interweave them -- put them together however we want by rearranging the layers. We can make specific structures that have subtle differences in their physical properties."
The key to the success of the new approach, he said, involves controlling the local compositions and diffusion distances of the precursor to guide the formation process so the constituent layers come together predictably.
"We design and calibrate the repeating unit of the precursor such that the relative and absolute amounts of atoms of each element within each region of the precursor corresponds to the number of atoms needed to form complete structural units of each component on annealing," the researchers wrote in their paper. "If too much or too little material is present, we found that the resulting partial layers disrupt the desired ordered structure."
Another challenge also emerges when working at nano sizes; as crystals get smaller the ratio of bulk to surface atoms decreases, leading to changes in their structure. Due to the distributions of sizes resulting from other synthesis techniques, the exact structures of nano-sized crystals have not been determined.
Earlier this year, in the Feb. 11 issue of the journal Angewandte, another Johnson-led team described how his lab's synthesis technique produces precisely defined structures, which permit distortions in structure to be experimentally determined as a function of size. This structural knowledge, he said, is key to predicting how properties change with nanoarchitecture.
Just how the new technology will be utilized isn't clear, said Johnson, who holds the Rosaria P. Haugland Foundation Chair in Pure and Applied Chemistry at the UO. "We're making lab-scale sample films that are only a fraction of a hair's thickness," he said.
Their ultra-low thermal conductivity makes insulation a most-likely early scenario for application, he said, but his lab in the Center for Sustainable Materials Chemistry -- a National Science Foundation-funded center involving the UO and Oregon State University -- is now looking at how to possibly increase production by way of a cost-effective solution route to create coatings that self-organize into one of these low thermal conductivity solids.
"They are fantastic insulators," said Johnson, who also is a member of the UO's Materials Science Institute. "Most solids like window glass have a thermal conductivity of about 1 watt per meter kelvin. Air, on the other hand, has a thermal conductivity of about .03 watts per meter kelvin. Our materials have a thermal conductivity of about .05-0.10, which means that if the material was at about 500 degrees Celsius, I could touch it. There wouldn't be enough energy transferred per unit time to burn my hand."
"UO researchers are helping to create a more sustainable future by re-engineering the science, manufacturing and business processes related to critical products,' said Kimberly Andrews Espy, the UO's vice president for research and innovation and dean of the graduate school. "This approach by Dr. Johnson and his team, which enables the quick synthesis of thousands of new compounds, holds enormous potential for the creation of new materials."
This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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科技要闻-新浪科技: 大摩维持欢聚时代增持评级
科技要闻-新浪科技
科技时代-科技要闻
大摩维持欢聚时代增持评级
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/i/2013-08-01/01598594048.shtml
Jul 31st 2013, 17:59
新浪科技讯 北京时间8月1日凌晨消息，摩根士丹利今天发布研究报告，将欢聚时代(Nasdaq:YY)的股票评级维持在"增持"(Overweight)不变，并对该公司第二季度业绩作出了预期。
以下是报告内容摘要：
概述：欢聚时代将于美国东部时间8月1日(北京时间8月2日)美国股市收盘后公布2013财年第二季度财报，随后将在美国东部时间8月1日21点(北京时间8月2日9点)召开电话会议，解读财报要点，并回答投资者和分析师提问。
欢聚时代第二季度业绩预期：
1)我们预计，欢聚时代第二季度总营收为人民币3.43亿元，比去年同期增长82%，公司此前预期为同比增长78%到84%；
2)我们预计，欢聚时代第二季度运营利润为人民币6700万元，比去年同期增长1.8倍；运营利润率为19%，低于上一季度的20%，但高于去年同期的13%；
3)我们预计，欢聚时代第二季度净利润为人民币5800万元，比去年同期增长2.3倍；每股美国存托凭证摊薄收益为人民币0.98美元。
季度业绩焦点：
-网页游戏旺盛增长：中国网页游戏市场正在强劲增长，包括YY在内的主要网页游戏平台都继续从中受益。我们预计，欢聚时代第二季度来自于网页游戏的销售额为人民币1.41亿元，比去年同期大幅增长73%；
-与湖南卫视《快乐男声》之间的合作：欢聚时代为《快乐男声》选手提供了与观众进行互动的平台；在这个平台上，欢聚时代可获得来自于出售虚拟礼物的收入。利用与《快乐男声》的合作，欢聚时代可将其以游戏为中心的用户基础拓展至非游戏玩家。即便如此，《快乐男声》的授权成本可能导致其第三季度利润率下降。
-在移动业务领域中取得进展：我们观察到，欢聚时代新的移动应用提供了更多的视频流播放和广播特性，这些特性可能增强互动性。在我们看来，移动应用商业化应可作为YY基于PC的服务的延展。在移动平台上，虚拟商品销售和VIP会员很可能是其实现商业化的方法。(唐风)
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科技时代-科技要闻
大摩维持欢聚时代增持评级
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/i/2013-08-01/01598594048.shtml
Jul 31st 2013, 17:59
新浪科技讯 北京时间8月1日凌晨消息，摩根士丹利今天发布研究报告，将欢聚时代(Nasdaq:YY)的股票评级维持在"增持"(Overweight)不变，并对该公司第二季度业绩作出了预期。
以下是报告内容摘要：
概述：欢聚时代将于美国东部时间8月1日(北京时间8月2日)美国股市收盘后公布2013财年第二季度财报，随后将在美国东部时间8月1日21点(北京时间8月2日9点)召开电话会议，解读财报要点，并回答投资者和分析师提问。
欢聚时代第二季度业绩预期：
1)我们预计，欢聚时代第二季度总营收为人民币3.43亿元，比去年同期增长82%，公司此前预期为同比增长78%到84%；
2)我们预计，欢聚时代第二季度运营利润为人民币6700万元，比去年同期增长1.8倍；运营利润率为19%，低于上一季度的20%，但高于去年同期的13%；
3)我们预计，欢聚时代第二季度净利润为人民币5800万元，比去年同期增长2.3倍；每股美国存托凭证摊薄收益为人民币0.98美元。
季度业绩焦点：
-网页游戏旺盛增长：中国网页游戏市场正在强劲增长，包括YY在内的主要网页游戏平台都继续从中受益。我们预计，欢聚时代第二季度来自于网页游戏的销售额为人民币1.41亿元，比去年同期大幅增长73%；
-与湖南卫视《快乐男声》之间的合作：欢聚时代为《快乐男声》选手提供了与观众进行互动的平台；在这个平台上，欢聚时代可获得来自于出售虚拟礼物的收入。利用与《快乐男声》的合作，欢聚时代可将其以游戏为中心的用户基础拓展至非游戏玩家。即便如此，《快乐男声》的授权成本可能导致其第三季度利润率下降。
-在移动业务领域中取得进展：我们观察到，欢聚时代新的移动应用提供了更多的视频流播放和广播特性，这些特性可能增强互动性。在我们看来，移动应用商业化应可作为YY基于PC的服务的延展。在移动平台上，虚拟商品销售和VIP会员很可能是其实现商业化的方法。(唐风)
This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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科技要闻-新浪科技: 让手机影音更给力 中端蓝牙音响大搜罗
科技要闻-新浪科技
科技时代-科技要闻
让手机影音更给力 中端蓝牙音响大搜罗
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/digi/mp3/2013-07-31/11398592363.shtml
Jul 31st 2013, 03:39
由于现在的生活节奏越来越快，导致了很多人都不能静下来看一部电影或者听一首自己喜欢的歌曲，而这更是导致了现在使用手机和平板等随身数码装备看电影和听音乐的用户越来越多，这种简单的观影方式更加的符合现在人们快节奏的生活方式，但是如果朋友们使用手机或者平板电脑等随身数码设备看电影或者听音乐的话，其本身自带的音效并不能满足朋友们的需求，这时候一款可以完美支持这些随身设备的蓝牙音响就是朋友们必不可少的装备了！
对于蓝牙音响的选择，很多朋友都有自己的喜好，有的喜欢时尚个性外观设计的，有的喜欢简单易于操控的，有的喜欢可以车载使用的，还有很多果粉都喜欢带有苹果接口可以一边看电影听音乐一边为苹果设备充电的，可以说每个选择蓝牙音响的用户，都有着自己的选择。而我们本次就为这些想要为自己的随身数码装备增强音质的用户挑选了几款中端的蓝牙音响产品，让朋友们可以更好更简单的选择。
下面就让我们一同来看看，现在市面上和电商处都有哪些热销的蓝牙音响产品，让朋友们可以更好的为自己的手机和平板等随身数码装备增强其本身的音质，无论是看电影还是听音乐都能让其随身的数码装备有着更好的表现。好了下面就让我们一起去看看本次的让手机影音更给力，中端蓝牙音响大搜罗吧！
咔哟Hero战神
优点：采用类似耳机的造型可以夹住市面上所有平板 带有多种高新功能更给力
不足：高频的延伸稍有不足
适用人群：喜欢个性时尚外观和给力低频的用户
参考价格：499元
编辑点评：咔哟的这款Hero蓝牙音响看起来就像是一款为平板和手机等随身数码装备设计的耳机一样，仅需将随身设备放在其凹槽内即可完美的进行观看大片和打游戏，非常的简单和方便。音响采用了蓝牙4.0技术，在传输的距离和耗能上都得到了很好的保证，带有NFC功能，轻触即可完成配对，可以说是一款非常不错的蓝牙音响产品。
咔哟 Hero 战神 蓝牙音响
咔哟 Hero 战神 蓝牙音响
从参数方面来看，咔哟的这款Hero战神蓝牙音响的额定功率为6W，采用了2.0声道的设计，可以支持市面上几乎所有尺寸的平板和手机产品，此款音响整体的声音非常的有特点，低频有非常不错的下潜能力，中高频的声音明亮自然，人声的还原度较为出色，可以很好的满足用户看电影的需求，是一款非常不错的中端蓝牙音响产品。
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麦博MD212
优点：带有可抽拉支架整体性更好 外观设计简洁声音表现均衡
不足：低频的质感表现不足
适用人群：喜欢简约外观设计和均衡三频的用户首选
参考价格：199元
编辑点评：麦博的这款MD212蓝牙音响外观设计非常的简洁，在音响的底部带有一个可抽拉式的支架，可以将手机摆放在上面看大片使用，此款音响采用了塑料打造，很好的保证了音响的手感，并且可以防止此款音响因为磕碰造成损害，加强了音响的使用寿命，可以很好的满足用户长时间聆听的需求。
麦博MD212蓝牙音响
麦博MD212蓝牙音响
从参数方面俩看，麦博的这款MD212蓝牙音响的额定功率为2W，采用了2个1.5英寸的扬声器，顶部带有一个接听按键，底部带有电池仓，无论是接打电话还是续航能力的表现都可圈可点。此款音响的声音表现非常的均衡，无论是低频的下潜能力还是中高频的还原度都非常的不错，可以很好的满足用户看大片的时候使用，是一款非常不错的采用了塑料材质打造的蓝牙音响产品。
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奋达W35BT
优点：并没有过多花哨的设计外观简洁大方 性价比表现出色
不足：对于喜欢时尚亮丽外观的用户不太合适
适用人群：喜欢简约外观设计和预算不是特别充足的用户
参考价格：238元
编辑点评：奋达的这款W35BT蓝牙音响看起来非常的简约，较为符合现在很多年轻朋友们追求简约外观设计的需求。音响在其顶部设有控制按键，除了可以使用蓝牙设备调节之外，还可以使用按键进行操控，调节起来非常的轻松。表面经过了特殊处理，看起来非常的有质感，是一款性价比非常不错的蓝牙音响产品。
奋达W35BT蓝牙音响
奋达W35BT蓝牙音响
从参数方面来看，奋达的这款W35BT蓝牙音响的额定功率为10W，采用了2个2英寸的扬声器单元，声音的表现较为均衡，但是低频也是有不错的下潜能力，人声的表现中规中矩，高频的表现通透明亮，是一款无论是看大片还是听音乐都可以选择的蓝牙音响产品。
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耳神ER151
优点：带有出色的四防功能很好的满足了用户户外使用的需求 外观设计简约个性
不足：整体的音量可以继续加强
适用人群：喜欢户外旅行的用户必备蓝牙音响
参考价格：199元
编辑点评：耳神的这款探险者ER151蓝牙音响是一款非常适合用户在户外聆听使用的蓝牙音响产品，此款音响带有强劲的四防功能，即防雨、防尘、防刮和防震，接口处带有胶塞的设计，很好的满足用户在雨天当中使用聆听的需求，整体的操控和手持的感觉都非常的不错，是一款非常不错的中端户外必备蓝牙音响产品。
耳神ER151蓝牙音响
耳神ER151蓝牙音响
从参数方面来看，耳神这款探险者ER151蓝牙音响的额定功率为4W，采用了2个1.5英寸的扬声器单元，声音的表现非常的不错，低频有一定的下潜能力，中高频的声音自然通透，人声的表现较为出色，如果跟手机和平板等设备搭配使用非常的合适，看大片和听音乐都非常的合适，是一款非常不错的中端蓝牙音响产品。
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DOSS DS-1155
优点：加入了橡胶元素更加可爱 手势操控更方便
不足：在大音量的时候略有失真产生
适用人群：喜欢手势操控和较长续航的用户
参考价格：238元
编辑点评：DOSS的这款DS-1155灵动蓝牙音响最大的特点就是可以支持手势操控，无需触及音响即可对音响进行操作，操控的时候更加的安全和健康。外观上加入了橡胶元素，让此款音响的手持和质感都有着一定程度上的提高，无论是操控还是外观设计，这款音响的表现都非常的出色。
DOSS DS-1155灵动蓝牙音响
从参数方面来看的话，DOSS的这款DS-1155蓝牙音响的额定功率为6W，采用了2个1.5英寸的扬声器单元设计，顶部的控制按键可以控制接打电话，进入菜单和调节音量等等，操控起来非常的轻松，整体的声音表现也非常的均衡，在低频和中高频上面均没有什么明显的缺点，可以很好的满足用户聆听音乐和看大片的需求，是一款极具科技感的中端蓝牙音响产品。
写在最后：
其实使用手机和平板看大片的话，搭配一款蓝牙音响还是非常的必要的，无论是在声音的表现还是在场面的拿捏上，本次为朋友们推荐的这几款蓝牙音响都有其自己的特点，如果朋友们感兴趣的话，可以通过我们给出的方式去电商或者实体店去了解这些音响的详情，最后希望朋友们都能找到自己心仪的那一款可以让手机和平板音质表现更加出色的蓝牙音响产品。
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This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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科技时代-科技要闻
让手机影音更给力 中端蓝牙音响大搜罗
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/digi/mp3/2013-07-31/11398592363.shtml
Jul 31st 2013, 03:39
由于现在的生活节奏越来越快，导致了很多人都不能静下来看一部电影或者听一首自己喜欢的歌曲，而这更是导致了现在使用手机和平板等随身数码装备看电影和听音乐的用户越来越多，这种简单的观影方式更加的符合现在人们快节奏的生活方式，但是如果朋友们使用手机或者平板电脑等随身数码设备看电影或者听音乐的话，其本身自带的音效并不能满足朋友们的需求，这时候一款可以完美支持这些随身设备的蓝牙音响就是朋友们必不可少的装备了！
对于蓝牙音响的选择，很多朋友都有自己的喜好，有的喜欢时尚个性外观设计的，有的喜欢简单易于操控的，有的喜欢可以车载使用的，还有很多果粉都喜欢带有苹果接口可以一边看电影听音乐一边为苹果设备充电的，可以说每个选择蓝牙音响的用户，都有着自己的选择。而我们本次就为这些想要为自己的随身数码装备增强音质的用户挑选了几款中端的蓝牙音响产品，让朋友们可以更好更简单的选择。
下面就让我们一同来看看，现在市面上和电商处都有哪些热销的蓝牙音响产品，让朋友们可以更好的为自己的手机和平板等随身数码装备增强其本身的音质，无论是看电影还是听音乐都能让其随身的数码装备有着更好的表现。好了下面就让我们一起去看看本次的让手机影音更给力，中端蓝牙音响大搜罗吧！
咔哟Hero战神
优点：采用类似耳机的造型可以夹住市面上所有平板 带有多种高新功能更给力
不足：高频的延伸稍有不足
适用人群：喜欢个性时尚外观和给力低频的用户
参考价格：499元
编辑点评：咔哟的这款Hero蓝牙音响看起来就像是一款为平板和手机等随身数码装备设计的耳机一样，仅需将随身设备放在其凹槽内即可完美的进行观看大片和打游戏，非常的简单和方便。音响采用了蓝牙4.0技术，在传输的距离和耗能上都得到了很好的保证，带有NFC功能，轻触即可完成配对，可以说是一款非常不错的蓝牙音响产品。
咔哟 Hero 战神 蓝牙音响
咔哟 Hero 战神 蓝牙音响
从参数方面来看，咔哟的这款Hero战神蓝牙音响的额定功率为6W，采用了2.0声道的设计，可以支持市面上几乎所有尺寸的平板和手机产品，此款音响整体的声音非常的有特点，低频有非常不错的下潜能力，中高频的声音明亮自然，人声的还原度较为出色，可以很好的满足用户看电影的需求，是一款非常不错的中端蓝牙音响产品。
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麦博MD212
优点：带有可抽拉支架整体性更好 外观设计简洁声音表现均衡
不足：低频的质感表现不足
适用人群：喜欢简约外观设计和均衡三频的用户首选
参考价格：199元
编辑点评：麦博的这款MD212蓝牙音响外观设计非常的简洁，在音响的底部带有一个可抽拉式的支架，可以将手机摆放在上面看大片使用，此款音响采用了塑料打造，很好的保证了音响的手感，并且可以防止此款音响因为磕碰造成损害，加强了音响的使用寿命，可以很好的满足用户长时间聆听的需求。
麦博MD212蓝牙音响
麦博MD212蓝牙音响
从参数方面俩看，麦博的这款MD212蓝牙音响的额定功率为2W，采用了2个1.5英寸的扬声器，顶部带有一个接听按键，底部带有电池仓，无论是接打电话还是续航能力的表现都可圈可点。此款音响的声音表现非常的均衡，无论是低频的下潜能力还是中高频的还原度都非常的不错，可以很好的满足用户看大片的时候使用，是一款非常不错的采用了塑料材质打造的蓝牙音响产品。
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奋达W35BT
优点：并没有过多花哨的设计外观简洁大方 性价比表现出色
不足：对于喜欢时尚亮丽外观的用户不太合适
适用人群：喜欢简约外观设计和预算不是特别充足的用户
参考价格：238元
编辑点评：奋达的这款W35BT蓝牙音响看起来非常的简约，较为符合现在很多年轻朋友们追求简约外观设计的需求。音响在其顶部设有控制按键，除了可以使用蓝牙设备调节之外，还可以使用按键进行操控，调节起来非常的轻松。表面经过了特殊处理，看起来非常的有质感，是一款性价比非常不错的蓝牙音响产品。
奋达W35BT蓝牙音响
奋达W35BT蓝牙音响
从参数方面来看，奋达的这款W35BT蓝牙音响的额定功率为10W，采用了2个2英寸的扬声器单元，声音的表现较为均衡，但是低频也是有不错的下潜能力，人声的表现中规中矩，高频的表现通透明亮，是一款无论是看大片还是听音乐都可以选择的蓝牙音响产品。
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耳神ER151
优点：带有出色的四防功能很好的满足了用户户外使用的需求 外观设计简约个性
不足：整体的音量可以继续加强
适用人群：喜欢户外旅行的用户必备蓝牙音响
参考价格：199元
编辑点评：耳神的这款探险者ER151蓝牙音响是一款非常适合用户在户外聆听使用的蓝牙音响产品，此款音响带有强劲的四防功能，即防雨、防尘、防刮和防震，接口处带有胶塞的设计，很好的满足用户在雨天当中使用聆听的需求，整体的操控和手持的感觉都非常的不错，是一款非常不错的中端户外必备蓝牙音响产品。
耳神ER151蓝牙音响
耳神ER151蓝牙音响
从参数方面来看，耳神这款探险者ER151蓝牙音响的额定功率为4W，采用了2个1.5英寸的扬声器单元，声音的表现非常的不错，低频有一定的下潜能力，中高频的声音自然通透，人声的表现较为出色，如果跟手机和平板等设备搭配使用非常的合适，看大片和听音乐都非常的合适，是一款非常不错的中端蓝牙音响产品。
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DOSS DS-1155
优点：加入了橡胶元素更加可爱 手势操控更方便
不足：在大音量的时候略有失真产生
适用人群：喜欢手势操控和较长续航的用户
参考价格：238元
编辑点评：DOSS的这款DS-1155灵动蓝牙音响最大的特点就是可以支持手势操控，无需触及音响即可对音响进行操作，操控的时候更加的安全和健康。外观上加入了橡胶元素，让此款音响的手持和质感都有着一定程度上的提高，无论是操控还是外观设计，这款音响的表现都非常的出色。
DOSS DS-1155灵动蓝牙音响
从参数方面来看的话，DOSS的这款DS-1155蓝牙音响的额定功率为6W，采用了2个1.5英寸的扬声器单元设计，顶部的控制按键可以控制接打电话，进入菜单和调节音量等等，操控起来非常的轻松，整体的声音表现也非常的均衡，在低频和中高频上面均没有什么明显的缺点，可以很好的满足用户聆听音乐和看大片的需求，是一款极具科技感的中端蓝牙音响产品。
写在最后：
其实使用手机和平板看大片的话，搭配一款蓝牙音响还是非常的必要的，无论是在声音的表现还是在场面的拿捏上，本次为朋友们推荐的这几款蓝牙音响都有其自己的特点，如果朋友们感兴趣的话，可以通过我们给出的方式去电商或者实体店去了解这些音响的详情，最后希望朋友们都能找到自己心仪的那一款可以让手机和平板音质表现更加出色的蓝牙音响产品。
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科技要闻-新浪科技: 周鸿t：战略不能在云端 应落地到产品
科技要闻-新浪科技
科技时代-科技要闻
周鸿t：战略不能在云端 应落地到产品
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49f9228d0101d6zj.html
Jul 31st 2013, 03:59
战略不能在云端，必须要落地到产品
在公司内部，我反对做评论家，创业者首先不要去做评论家。评论家站在高端，谈产业问题，谈格局，这个东西其实没意义。很多问题越抽象之后，说的话都是正确的废话。不管是大企业还是小企业，当面临挑战，面临转型的时候，需要放弃概念上的论证，放弃平台思维，放弃下很大一盘棋的想法，更应该将眼光聚焦在用户身上。具体一点，就是静下心来想一想，我要做的东西，或者我已经做的东西，它的用户是什么人？用户在使用我产品的时候，遇到什么问题？有哪些地方我做得不够好，还可以做得更好？凡是有缺陷的地方，都有改善的空间，都代表着创新的机会，都代表着可能存在市场机会。因为战略不管规划得如何宏大，最终你要战略落地，就需要打开市场，而要打开市场，最重要打动用户的心。这是一个很关键的切入点，这个切入点找不到，你所有的战略都是空气。
当N公司面临苹果公司挑战的时候，N公司做了很宏大的规划，花了60多亿美金买了一家做地图的公司，买了互联网的公司，很宏伟的格局。到今天他们跟微软公司合作，也有很宏伟的格局。我一直用N公司的产品，但我认为N公司从来没有从用户的角度，从产品的角度去想一想。现在用户用这些手机的时候，到底遇到了什么困难的地方。他们高管我认为也不用苹果公司的手机，所以他们不知道苹果手机到底为什么赢得了用户的喜爱。
你真的觉得苹果公司成功是因为在宏观战略上规划得好？我不谈战略，我也不懂战略。我认为苹果公司也没有战略。如果有说有战略的话，所有战略都是用户战略和产品战略，不断发现用户的需求，不断满足用户需求，把它做到极致。
消费者是不理性的，消费者选择一个产品，抛弃一个产品，不是因为你有好的技术，或者不好的技术，用户都是从点点滴滴中感受。为什么我讲微创新？我说的微，对于消费者来说，感觉都是微小的点。消费者之所以用你的产品，可能就因为那一个很小的点。消费者不理智，是特别感性的。今天的消费者比以前更感性，产品最后不是拼功能，拼技术，而是拼体验。苹果公司没有手机通讯的核心专利，有的都是外观专利。什么CDMA，什么芯片之类，都没有。但是苹果公司席卷了整个无线互联网终端，以往的大公司被打得落花流水。如果说互联网是一场革命的话，对于企业意味着什么？从我的角度来看，这就是互联网消费者拥有更多的知情权和选择权，互联网让信息更加对称。在信息不对称的年代，买的没有卖的精，无商不奸，企业通过广告，通过宣传，利用信息不对称向消费者灌输信息，在这种情况下消费者买你的东西。一旦钱到手了，企业的营销任务就完成了，就跟消费者说拜拜了。最后的售后服务是不得不做的一个环节。
今天互联网改变了这一切，消费者的话语权越来越强，所以用户体验会越来越变成一个产品成功的关键。这个时代，卖点这个观念已经过时了。因为你不能再通过卖点去灌输给用户，用户不是买完东西就跟你结束的关系，恰恰用户买了你的产品，用你的产品，这时候用户体验之旅才真正开始。
如果所谓的卖点不能为用户强烈地认知和感知，那么这种广告行销就是假的，不起作用。当用户拿到东西的时候，就知道自己上当了。通过高额的广告投入，大量的疲劳轰炸，渠道代理的地面透光，这种传统的做法，目标只有一个，那就是想办法把货卖出去。但这种方式没办法形成口碑，因为毫无体验，只能形成一次性的销售，大家打一枪换一个地方。如果今天你要做一个流行产品的公司，你要彻底抛弃这个思路，而是应该想方设法让你的产品递到消费者手里的时候，能形成一个超出消费者的预期，能够让他们惊喜。如果你不能做到面面俱到，那就在一个点上，让用户彻底感觉到这一点做得绝对棒，这样才能真正形成一个良性的循环。
比如，某著名的公司推广CDMA手机，找了很多策划手机大师策划卖点，声称绿色无辐射。但这个卖点不会成功，事实也证明如此。为什么？因为消费者无法判断CDMA手机是不是真的辐射小。可能CDMA手机的辐射真的是很小，但消费者无法感知到。无法感知就等于没有。后来那家公司又找来一个卖点，CDMA手机防窃听。但这也是一个伪需求。除非你是重量级人物，普通消费者是不担心被窃听的，因为整天油盐酱醋茶的，没啥值得窃听。所以，这对普通消费者来说，不能产生体验。即使我今天被窃听，我怎么知道这个手机可以防窃听了？所以还是不能被验证。用户体验，过去理解为是产品的交互，产品的外观和包装。错了，今天用户体验这个东西可能会成为产品致胜的关键。这并不是说企业不要做战略规划，而是说企业做到一定规模，做战略规划的时候，一定得具体到产品。战略不能呆在云端，它一定要落地，具体到怎么解决用户的问题。我觉得这是非常重要的产品观。
This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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科技时代-科技要闻
周鸿t：战略不能在云端 应落地到产品
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49f9228d0101d6zj.html
Jul 31st 2013, 03:59
战略不能在云端，必须要落地到产品
在公司内部，我反对做评论家，创业者首先不要去做评论家。评论家站在高端，谈产业问题，谈格局，这个东西其实没意义。很多问题越抽象之后，说的话都是正确的废话。不管是大企业还是小企业，当面临挑战，面临转型的时候，需要放弃概念上的论证，放弃平台思维，放弃下很大一盘棋的想法，更应该将眼光聚焦在用户身上。具体一点，就是静下心来想一想，我要做的东西，或者我已经做的东西，它的用户是什么人？用户在使用我产品的时候，遇到什么问题？有哪些地方我做得不够好，还可以做得更好？凡是有缺陷的地方，都有改善的空间，都代表着创新的机会，都代表着可能存在市场机会。因为战略不管规划得如何宏大，最终你要战略落地，就需要打开市场，而要打开市场，最重要打动用户的心。这是一个很关键的切入点，这个切入点找不到，你所有的战略都是空气。
当N公司面临苹果公司挑战的时候，N公司做了很宏大的规划，花了60多亿美金买了一家做地图的公司，买了互联网的公司，很宏伟的格局。到今天他们跟微软公司合作，也有很宏伟的格局。我一直用N公司的产品，但我认为N公司从来没有从用户的角度，从产品的角度去想一想。现在用户用这些手机的时候，到底遇到了什么困难的地方。他们高管我认为也不用苹果公司的手机，所以他们不知道苹果手机到底为什么赢得了用户的喜爱。
你真的觉得苹果公司成功是因为在宏观战略上规划得好？我不谈战略，我也不懂战略。我认为苹果公司也没有战略。如果有说有战略的话，所有战略都是用户战略和产品战略，不断发现用户的需求，不断满足用户需求，把它做到极致。
消费者是不理性的，消费者选择一个产品，抛弃一个产品，不是因为你有好的技术，或者不好的技术，用户都是从点点滴滴中感受。为什么我讲微创新？我说的微，对于消费者来说，感觉都是微小的点。消费者之所以用你的产品，可能就因为那一个很小的点。消费者不理智，是特别感性的。今天的消费者比以前更感性，产品最后不是拼功能，拼技术，而是拼体验。苹果公司没有手机通讯的核心专利，有的都是外观专利。什么CDMA，什么芯片之类，都没有。但是苹果公司席卷了整个无线互联网终端，以往的大公司被打得落花流水。如果说互联网是一场革命的话，对于企业意味着什么？从我的角度来看，这就是互联网消费者拥有更多的知情权和选择权，互联网让信息更加对称。在信息不对称的年代，买的没有卖的精，无商不奸，企业通过广告，通过宣传，利用信息不对称向消费者灌输信息，在这种情况下消费者买你的东西。一旦钱到手了，企业的营销任务就完成了，就跟消费者说拜拜了。最后的售后服务是不得不做的一个环节。
今天互联网改变了这一切，消费者的话语权越来越强，所以用户体验会越来越变成一个产品成功的关键。这个时代，卖点这个观念已经过时了。因为你不能再通过卖点去灌输给用户，用户不是买完东西就跟你结束的关系，恰恰用户买了你的产品，用你的产品，这时候用户体验之旅才真正开始。
如果所谓的卖点不能为用户强烈地认知和感知，那么这种广告行销就是假的，不起作用。当用户拿到东西的时候，就知道自己上当了。通过高额的广告投入，大量的疲劳轰炸，渠道代理的地面透光，这种传统的做法，目标只有一个，那就是想办法把货卖出去。但这种方式没办法形成口碑，因为毫无体验，只能形成一次性的销售，大家打一枪换一个地方。如果今天你要做一个流行产品的公司，你要彻底抛弃这个思路，而是应该想方设法让你的产品递到消费者手里的时候，能形成一个超出消费者的预期，能够让他们惊喜。如果你不能做到面面俱到，那就在一个点上，让用户彻底感觉到这一点做得绝对棒，这样才能真正形成一个良性的循环。
比如，某著名的公司推广CDMA手机，找了很多策划手机大师策划卖点，声称绿色无辐射。但这个卖点不会成功，事实也证明如此。为什么？因为消费者无法判断CDMA手机是不是真的辐射小。可能CDMA手机的辐射真的是很小，但消费者无法感知到。无法感知就等于没有。后来那家公司又找来一个卖点，CDMA手机防窃听。但这也是一个伪需求。除非你是重量级人物，普通消费者是不担心被窃听的，因为整天油盐酱醋茶的，没啥值得窃听。所以，这对普通消费者来说，不能产生体验。即使我今天被窃听，我怎么知道这个手机可以防窃听了？所以还是不能被验证。用户体验，过去理解为是产品的交互，产品的外观和包装。错了，今天用户体验这个东西可能会成为产品致胜的关键。这并不是说企业不要做战略规划，而是说企业做到一定规模，做战略规划的时候，一定得具体到产品。战略不能呆在云端，它一定要落地，具体到怎么解决用户的问题。我觉得这是非常重要的产品观。
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科技要闻-新浪科技: 卡片相机面临存亡 价格竞争或将波及单反市场
科技要闻-新浪科技
科技时代-科技要闻
卡片相机面临存亡 价格竞争或将波及单反市场
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/digi/dc/2013-07-31/12148592449.shtml
Jul 31st 2013, 04:14
东京行业组织相机影像器材工业协会(Camera & Imaging Products Association)的数据显示，2013年前五个月卡片相机全球发货量暴跌42%，在这样的情况下，生产商正想方设法适应新的情况，即用户看重智能手机快速拍照的便利，他们可以在Facebook FB +6.20% 和Instagram等社交网站分享这些照片。
全球智能手机市场飙升，而数码相机却遭遇失败
这样的变化迫使富士胶片控股株式会社(Fujifilm Holdings Corp。)和松下电器产业公司(Panasonic Corp。)等规模最大的相机生产商削减产品阵容并对产品进行调整。随着经典卡片相机的利润缩水，一些公司选择将重点放在更为高端的相机上。
佳能(Canon Inc. JP:7751 +1.48% )上周将全年利润预期下调了10%，原因是照相机销售滑坡。同时佳能还在三个月里第二次下调其卡片相机前景，显示出这一市场正急转直下。
富士胶片副总裁田中弘志(Hiroshi Tanaka)说，这个行业的所有人都认识到市场正在变化，问题是我们对此能做什么。
富士胶片计划将产品阵容从去年的20款产品削减一半，限制价格较低的产品数量，同时推出更高端的相机。松下说，计划减少"入门级"机型的数量，目标是未来三年将相机业务的固定成本削减60%。
奥林巴斯(Olympus Corp。)上一财年影像业务亏损230亿日圆(约2.35亿美元)，这家排名第七的照相机公司说，将淘汰价格最低的产品线，并减少机型数量。该公司预测，截至明年3月的一年中，全球发货量为270万部，只及上一财年的一半。
研究公司国际数据公司(IDC)的数据显示，今年全球数码相机市场的规模可能萎缩至仅仅1.02亿部，2010年高峰时规模约1.44亿部。
这种情况发生的背景是，人们拍摄的照片的数量以指数方式飙升。富士胶片估计，每年用智能手机、数码相机和其他设备拍摄的照片达1.6万亿张，相比之下，2000年左右胶片相机全盛时期每年拍摄的照片约为1,000亿张。
IDC数字影像分析师许特(Christopher Chute)说，这是一个行业无法适应用户需求转变的典型案例。
虽然通过Wi-Fi连接互联网已经是许多消费电子产品常见的功能，但数码相机在很大程度上依然是"不合群"的设备。IDC的数据显示，今年发货的数码相机只有六分之一具有Wi-Fi功能。
3月13日，梵蒂冈的游客们用手机和平板电脑给新当选的教皇方济各拍照。
IDC说，下滑最大的是傻瓜相机领域，据估计这一领域的规模今年将下降至8,000万部，三年前为1.32亿部。
为了弥补这一下滑的影响，相机生产商正推出价格昂贵的机型，比如10倍以上光学变焦的相机，或具有更大像素传感器、能够在光线不好的情况下拍出质量更好的照片的相机。
上个月，索尼(Sony Corp. JP:6758 -0.43% )说其将针对高端客户，推出高端卡片相机的改进版。RX1R及其前一代的RX1是市场上现有的卡片相机中传感器像素最高的，但高性能也意味着高价钱：两款相机的价格都高达2,800美元。
索尼说，2013年第一季度，其卡片相机的平均售价上升了逾20%。
索尼是智能手机中使用的图像传感器的最大供应商，正在建设新的生产线来满足巨大的需求，它的处境因这一事实而变得更加复杂。其传感器质量的提高将帮助智能手机反噬索尼的相机业务；索尼预计在截至3月的一年，其相机发货量将下滑20%。
相机生产商也在向市场推出大量所谓的"无反光镜"相机。与相机爱好者和专业人士喜爱的价格昂贵的单反一样，无反光镜相机有很大的传感器和可更换镜头，能够生成高质量的图像。但它们没有基于反光镜的常规取景系统，因此这种相机的机身能比单反更小巧。这是一个规模尚小但增长迅速的市场，特别是在日本。
奥林巴斯总裁Hiroyuki Sasa在接受采访时说，市场严重向小巧型相机倾斜。我们必须改变这种局面。改变起来会很难，因为大家都有同样的想法。
2012年全球相机市场份额
但分析人士说，随着相机生产商在高端市场一拥而上，价格可能会大幅下跌，给利润率带来损害。价格竞争可能会蔓延至利润极高的单反市场。单反市场由两家最大的相机生产商佳能(Canon)和尼康(Nikon Corp。)占据主导。
佳能的卡片相机业务已经陷入困境，该公司上周说，消费者还开始推迟购买更昂贵的可更换镜头相机，同时更加看重价格而非新功能，这对利润率来说是一个令人担忧的迹象。佳能今年1月预测2013年其卡片相机销量将达1,700万部，4月将2013年销售目标降至1,450万部，上周再降至1,400万部。该公司还将2013年可更换镜头相机的销售目标从920万部降至900万部。
佳能驳斥了它将停止生产入门级傻瓜机的说法，该公司说，计划专注于价值更高的机型，特别是变焦范围更大的相机。该公司希望借此缩短消费者不断延长的相机更换周期。为佳能卡片相机制定策略的高管松平光生(Mitsuo Matsudaira)说，过去，日本消费者会等待三年再购买新相机，而如今他们会等待近五年。
松平光生说，他的目的是与智能手机合作，而非竞争。佳能今年早些时候推出了手掌大小的方形傻瓜机PowerShot N，这款相机可以轻松地向智能手机发送照片，还允许用户用"创意拍摄"功能中的各种滤镜修改原版照片。
Matsudaira说，曾经相机的工作只是拍摄漂亮的照片，但我们开始看到人们使用智能手机摄像头分享照片，人们的兴趣开始转向那个方向。我们无意与智能手机竞争。
日本电产株式会社(Nidec Corp。)说，卡片相机市场的问题导致旗下一个生产快门和镜头的子公司亏损。日本电产首席执行长Shigenobu Nagamori说，该子公司的高管们曾对相机市场的反弹过于乐观。日本电产是用于各类消费电子产品的部件的主要供应商。
Nagamori上周在东京举行的一个新闻发布会上说，我曾告诉他们要消除这样的想法，我现在告诉他们要假定廉价相机已死，就像个人电脑一样。
This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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科技时代-科技要闻
卡片相机面临存亡 价格竞争或将波及单反市场
http://go.rss.sina.com.cn/redirect.php?url=http://tech.sina.com.cn/digi/dc/2013-07-31/12148592449.shtml
Jul 31st 2013, 04:14
东京行业组织相机影像器材工业协会(Camera & Imaging Products Association)的数据显示，2013年前五个月卡片相机全球发货量暴跌42%，在这样的情况下，生产商正想方设法适应新的情况，即用户看重智能手机快速拍照的便利，他们可以在Facebook FB +6.20% 和Instagram等社交网站分享这些照片。
全球智能手机市场飙升，而数码相机却遭遇失败
这样的变化迫使富士胶片控股株式会社(Fujifilm Holdings Corp。)和松下电器产业公司(Panasonic Corp。)等规模最大的相机生产商削减产品阵容并对产品进行调整。随着经典卡片相机的利润缩水，一些公司选择将重点放在更为高端的相机上。
佳能(Canon Inc. JP:7751 +1.48% )上周将全年利润预期下调了10%，原因是照相机销售滑坡。同时佳能还在三个月里第二次下调其卡片相机前景，显示出这一市场正急转直下。
富士胶片副总裁田中弘志(Hiroshi Tanaka)说，这个行业的所有人都认识到市场正在变化，问题是我们对此能做什么。
富士胶片计划将产品阵容从去年的20款产品削减一半，限制价格较低的产品数量，同时推出更高端的相机。松下说，计划减少"入门级"机型的数量，目标是未来三年将相机业务的固定成本削减60%。
奥林巴斯(Olympus Corp。)上一财年影像业务亏损230亿日圆(约2.35亿美元)，这家排名第七的照相机公司说，将淘汰价格最低的产品线，并减少机型数量。该公司预测，截至明年3月的一年中，全球发货量为270万部，只及上一财年的一半。
研究公司国际数据公司(IDC)的数据显示，今年全球数码相机市场的规模可能萎缩至仅仅1.02亿部，2010年高峰时规模约1.44亿部。
这种情况发生的背景是，人们拍摄的照片的数量以指数方式飙升。富士胶片估计，每年用智能手机、数码相机和其他设备拍摄的照片达1.6万亿张，相比之下，2000年左右胶片相机全盛时期每年拍摄的照片约为1,000亿张。
IDC数字影像分析师许特(Christopher Chute)说，这是一个行业无法适应用户需求转变的典型案例。
虽然通过Wi-Fi连接互联网已经是许多消费电子产品常见的功能，但数码相机在很大程度上依然是"不合群"的设备。IDC的数据显示，今年发货的数码相机只有六分之一具有Wi-Fi功能。
3月13日，梵蒂冈的游客们用手机和平板电脑给新当选的教皇方济各拍照。
IDC说，下滑最大的是傻瓜相机领域，据估计这一领域的规模今年将下降至8,000万部，三年前为1.32亿部。
为了弥补这一下滑的影响，相机生产商正推出价格昂贵的机型，比如10倍以上光学变焦的相机，或具有更大像素传感器、能够在光线不好的情况下拍出质量更好的照片的相机。
上个月，索尼(Sony Corp. JP:6758 -0.43% )说其将针对高端客户，推出高端卡片相机的改进版。RX1R及其前一代的RX1是市场上现有的卡片相机中传感器像素最高的，但高性能也意味着高价钱：两款相机的价格都高达2,800美元。
索尼说，2013年第一季度，其卡片相机的平均售价上升了逾20%。
索尼是智能手机中使用的图像传感器的最大供应商，正在建设新的生产线来满足巨大的需求，它的处境因这一事实而变得更加复杂。其传感器质量的提高将帮助智能手机反噬索尼的相机业务；索尼预计在截至3月的一年，其相机发货量将下滑20%。
相机生产商也在向市场推出大量所谓的"无反光镜"相机。与相机爱好者和专业人士喜爱的价格昂贵的单反一样，无反光镜相机有很大的传感器和可更换镜头，能够生成高质量的图像。但它们没有基于反光镜的常规取景系统，因此这种相机的机身能比单反更小巧。这是一个规模尚小但增长迅速的市场，特别是在日本。
奥林巴斯总裁Hiroyuki Sasa在接受采访时说，市场严重向小巧型相机倾斜。我们必须改变这种局面。改变起来会很难，因为大家都有同样的想法。
2012年全球相机市场份额
但分析人士说，随着相机生产商在高端市场一拥而上，价格可能会大幅下跌，给利润率带来损害。价格竞争可能会蔓延至利润极高的单反市场。单反市场由两家最大的相机生产商佳能(Canon)和尼康(Nikon Corp。)占据主导。
佳能的卡片相机业务已经陷入困境，该公司上周说，消费者还开始推迟购买更昂贵的可更换镜头相机，同时更加看重价格而非新功能，这对利润率来说是一个令人担忧的迹象。佳能今年1月预测2013年其卡片相机销量将达1,700万部，4月将2013年销售目标降至1,450万部，上周再降至1,400万部。该公司还将2013年可更换镜头相机的销售目标从920万部降至900万部。
佳能驳斥了它将停止生产入门级傻瓜机的说法，该公司说，计划专注于价值更高的机型，特别是变焦范围更大的相机。该公司希望借此缩短消费者不断延长的相机更换周期。为佳能卡片相机制定策略的高管松平光生(Mitsuo Matsudaira)说，过去，日本消费者会等待三年再购买新相机，而如今他们会等待近五年。
松平光生说，他的目的是与智能手机合作，而非竞争。佳能今年早些时候推出了手掌大小的方形傻瓜机PowerShot N，这款相机可以轻松地向智能手机发送照片，还允许用户用"创意拍摄"功能中的各种滤镜修改原版照片。
Matsudaira说，曾经相机的工作只是拍摄漂亮的照片，但我们开始看到人们使用智能手机摄像头分享照片，人们的兴趣开始转向那个方向。我们无意与智能手机竞争。
日本电产株式会社(Nidec Corp。)说，卡片相机市场的问题导致旗下一个生产快门和镜头的子公司亏损。日本电产首席执行长Shigenobu Nagamori说，该子公司的高管们曾对相机市场的反弹过于乐观。日本电产是用于各类消费电子产品的部件的主要供应商。
Nagamori上周在东京举行的一个新闻发布会上说，我曾告诉他们要消除这样的想法，我现在告诉他们要假定廉价相机已死，就像个人电脑一样。
This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
You are receiving this email because you subscribed to this feed at http://blogtrottr.com
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2013年7月30日星期二
Solidot: 军事法庭判决Bradley Manning二十项罪名成立，但通敌罪不成立
Solidot
奇客的资讯，重要的东西
军事法庭判决Bradley Manning二十项罪名成立，但通敌罪不成立
http://solidot.org.feedsportal.com/c/33236/f/556826/s/2f5cfff8/l/0L0Ssolidot0Borg0Cstory0Dsid0F35796/story01.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 02:53
美国一家军事法庭裁决，向Wikileaks泄漏大量机密文件的陆军情报分析员布拉德利•曼宁（Bradley Manning）二十项罪名成立，但其中最严重的通敌罪不成立。现年25岁的曼宁仍将面临漫长的刑期，如果把每项被判成立的罪名所对应的最高刑期加起来，曼宁可能面临136年监禁。曼宁3年前在伊拉克被捕，他承认泄露约70万份文件的多项指控。布伦南正义中心的伊丽莎白•戈伊坦(Elizabeth Goitein)表示，尽管曼宁被判"通敌罪"不成立，但此案判决之重仍是"史上罕见的"。 戈伊坦表示："曼宁是少有的几个因向媒体爆料而被控违反《反间谍法》的人之一。除他之外，仅有的一个审后被判有罪的人，后来获得了赦免。"This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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奇客的资讯，重要的东西
军事法庭判决Bradley Manning二十项罪名成立，但通敌罪不成立
http://solidot.org.feedsportal.com/c/33236/f/556826/s/2f5cfff8/l/0L0Ssolidot0Borg0Cstory0Dsid0F35796/story01.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 02:53
美国一家军事法庭裁决，向Wikileaks泄漏大量机密文件的陆军情报分析员布拉德利•曼宁（Bradley Manning）二十项罪名成立，但其中最严重的通敌罪不成立。现年25岁的曼宁仍将面临漫长的刑期，如果把每项被判成立的罪名所对应的最高刑期加起来，曼宁可能面临136年监禁。曼宁3年前在伊拉克被捕，他承认泄露约70万份文件的多项指控。布伦南正义中心的伊丽莎白•戈伊坦(Elizabeth Goitein)表示，尽管曼宁被判"通敌罪"不成立，但此案判决之重仍是"史上罕见的"。 戈伊坦表示："曼宁是少有的几个因向媒体爆料而被控违反《反间谍法》的人之一。除他之外，仅有的一个审后被判有罪的人，后来获得了赦免。"This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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Solidot: 医学专家建议重新定义癌症
Solidot
奇客的资讯，重要的东西
医学专家建议重新定义癌症
http://solidot.org.feedsportal.com/c/33236/f/556826/s/2f5cfff7/l/0L0Ssolidot0Borg0Cstory0Dsid0F35797/story01.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 02:53
为美国主要的癌症研究机构担任顾问工作的一组专家建议，应当对癌症的诊断和治疗方法进行彻底改革，包括改变癌症的定义本身，并把这个词从一些常见的诊断中彻底去除。例如，一些癌前病症，例如影响乳房的原位导管癌，许多医生认为这不是癌症，应当去掉"癌"这个字进行重命名，这样患者就不会太害怕，也不太会寻求可能是不必要的，且有潜在伤害的疗法，包括乳房切除手术。"我们需要一个21世纪的癌症定义，而不是19世纪的癌症定义，而我们一直都在使用后者，"美国癌症学会首席医疗官奥蒂斯·W·布劳利博士(Otis W. Brawley)说。呼吁转变的原动力来自医生、科学家和患者权益倡导人士越来越强烈的担忧。他们害怕，几十万名男男女女正在接受不必要的、有时会有损外貌且有害的疗法，来治疗癌前和癌性病变，而这些病变的发展如此缓慢，很有可能永远都不会产生损害。This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
You are receiving this email because you subscribed to this feed at http://blogtrottr.com
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http://blogtrottr.com/unsubscribe/cz0/jPbdSR
奇客的资讯，重要的东西
医学专家建议重新定义癌症
http://solidot.org.feedsportal.com/c/33236/f/556826/s/2f5cfff7/l/0L0Ssolidot0Borg0Cstory0Dsid0F35797/story01.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 02:53
为美国主要的癌症研究机构担任顾问工作的一组专家建议，应当对癌症的诊断和治疗方法进行彻底改革，包括改变癌症的定义本身，并把这个词从一些常见的诊断中彻底去除。例如，一些癌前病症，例如影响乳房的原位导管癌，许多医生认为这不是癌症，应当去掉"癌"这个字进行重命名，这样患者就不会太害怕，也不太会寻求可能是不必要的，且有潜在伤害的疗法，包括乳房切除手术。"我们需要一个21世纪的癌症定义，而不是19世纪的癌症定义，而我们一直都在使用后者，"美国癌症学会首席医疗官奥蒂斯·W·布劳利博士(Otis W. Brawley)说。呼吁转变的原动力来自医生、科学家和患者权益倡导人士越来越强烈的担忧。他们害怕，几十万名男男女女正在接受不必要的、有时会有损外貌且有害的疗法，来治疗癌前和癌性病变，而这些病变的发展如此缓慢，很有可能永远都不会产生损害。This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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Solidot: 阿尔卡特朗讯今年已裁掉7500人，还会有更多人被裁
Solidot
奇客的资讯，重要的东西
阿尔卡特朗讯今年已裁掉7500人，还会有更多人被裁
http://solidot.org.feedsportal.com/c/33236/f/556826/s/2f5d06f5/l/0L0Ssolidot0Borg0Cstory0Dsid0F35798/story01.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 03:34
因为巨额亏损，电信设备生产商阿尔卡特朗讯今年以来已经裁掉了7500人，超出了该公司去年预估的5500人。由于亏损加剧，为节省开支可能会有更多人被裁。阿尔卡特朗讯此前已经公布，今年第二财季净亏损从上年同期的2.54亿欧元扩大至8.85亿欧元，主要受与无线业务重组相关的一笔5.52亿欧元的减支支出影响。不过当季收入仍实现增长，实现营业利润2400万欧元，上年同期为营业亏损8600万欧元。截至2012年年底，阿尔卡特朗讯在全世界共有7.8万名雇员。裁员并不触及研发部门（甚至会加大投资），而是主要涉及非营利的业务和遗留技术生产线工人。This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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奇客的资讯，重要的东西
阿尔卡特朗讯今年已裁掉7500人，还会有更多人被裁
http://solidot.org.feedsportal.com/c/33236/f/556826/s/2f5d06f5/l/0L0Ssolidot0Borg0Cstory0Dsid0F35798/story01.htm
Jul 31st 2013, 03:34
因为巨额亏损，电信设备生产商阿尔卡特朗讯今年以来已经裁掉了7500人，超出了该公司去年预估的5500人。由于亏损加剧，为节省开支可能会有更多人被裁。阿尔卡特朗讯此前已经公布，今年第二财季净亏损从上年同期的2.54亿欧元扩大至8.85亿欧元，主要受与无线业务重组相关的一笔5.52亿欧元的减支支出影响。不过当季收入仍实现增长，实现营业利润2400万欧元，上年同期为营业亏损8600万欧元。截至2012年年底，阿尔卡特朗讯在全世界共有7.8万名雇员。裁员并不触及研发部门（甚至会加大投资），而是主要涉及非营利的业务和遗留技术生产线工人。This entry passed through the Full-Text RSS service — if this is your content and you're reading it on someone else's site, please read the FAQ at fivefilters.org/content-only/faq.php#publishers. Five Filters recommends: 'You Say What You Like, Because They Like What You Say' - http://www.medialens.org/index.php/alerts/alert-archive/alerts-2013/731-you-say-what-you-like-because-they-like-what-you-say.html
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